Sharif Digital Repository

In this paper, we analyze the performance of code acquisition system in atmospheric optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) communications using optical orthogonal codes. Memory introduced by temporal correlation of optical fading process precludes us from using the Markov chain model for a code acquisition analysis. By considering this issue, we discuss how to extend the applicability of the Markov chain model to the atmospheric OCDMA communications. We analyze and compare the performance of correlator and chip level detector (CLD) structures in the acquisition system. In our analysis, we consider the effects of free space optical channel impairments, multiple access interference, and... 

We propose a hybrid graphene molybdenum disulphide-based photoconductive antenna to overcome the restrictions of metallic photoconductive antennas and graphene-based photoconductive antennas, simultaneously. The structure is composed of a hybrid graphene-MoS2 strip as the antenna deposited on a low-temperature gallium arsenide substrate. A full-wave electromagnetic solver, namely, high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) is used to analyze the whole structure. It is shown that the proposed photoconductive antenna provides us with not only high input impedance and reconfigurability but also high values of matching efficiency and radiation efficiency. The impact of increasing MoS2 layers on... 

In this paper, we report on a novel resonant THz sensor for label-free analysis. The structure consists of a silicon nitride dielectric ring resonator vertically coupled to a thin layer of graphene strip ring resonator on top. The cladding is assumed to be porous alumina on the top of the graphene strip, which enhances the interaction of the surface plasmon wave and the target molecules. Finite difference time domain analysis is used to systematically design the structure and to investigate the performance of the sensor. Our simulations show that the proposed structure has larger refractive index sensitivity and lower intrinsic quality factor with respect to the similar optical structure. It... 

Design and implementation of Architecture is a knowledge-driven process. Evaluation and verification the knowledge, in order to ensure its quality, have important role in improving overall design process. Furthermore, Architectural decision making is a complex and multi-criteria decision making problem in which multiple stakeholders make decisions from their perspectives causing overlaps and conflicts in the adopted decisions. Therefore, the requirement for strategies to manage these issues and also to improve coordination and cooperation among the various stakeholders to improve the overall process design is necessary. In this regard, there have been several activities that focus on... 

In this paper, the thermal and hydraulic performances of a three-dimensional (3D) microchannel heat sink (MCHS) with different geometrical parameters of diamond-shaped ribs in transverse microchambers are numerically investigated. First, the results of the present numerical model are validated by comparing them with a related work. The results of the comparison show a good agreement between the present work and the previous experimental and numerical work. Then, various geometrical and operating parameters affecting the thermal and hydraulic performances of the MCHS, such as rib aspect ratio, rib height, rib scale, number of ribs, microchamber length, and Reynolds number, are investigated.... 

Dirential frequency hopping (DFH) was introduced as a new technology for reliable high data rate transmission. Since the system utilizes lower transmitting power relative to the other spread spectrum techniques and also principle part of the technique, frequency transition function (FTF), is designed privately and uniformly, the scheme is said to be safe and secure. In spite of previous researches, this paper shows that an intelligent eavesdropper may threat the security of the system by finding FTF and sending jamming signal toward authorized receivers. As a result, regular DFH can not provide consumers with security in wireless networks and hence we propose that FTF should be designed with... 

Fiber optic sensors have emerged as a promising technology for precise measurements in various applications. In this study, we propose an integrated all-fiber Cascade Fabry–Perot (CFP) sensor that uses the harmonic Vernier effect to enhance its sensitivity. The sensor consists of a Silica Capillary Tube (SCT) fusion spliced to a Single-Mode Fiber (SMF), and its cavity length is optimized to locate Vernier's internal envelopes for three different Vernier harmonic orders within the spectral range of 1500 nm–1600 nm. Three CFPs were fabricated and utilized as strain and temperature sensors. By analyzing and tracing Vernier's internal envelopes, we experimentally demonstrated that sensitivity... 

Improving the sensitivity and the time response of the superconducting transition edge detectors as one of the most promising technologies for millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelength radiation power detection is essential. Having an accurate 3D model for these detectors enables us to design faster detectors with higher sensitivity and detectivity. In this paper, we report on a 3-dimensional finite element model of a current biased superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) transition-edge detector fabricated by a low-cost Metal-Organic deposition method. The obtained simulation results are in good agreement with the measured response of the detectors. Also, as the simulation results suggest,... 

Injection locked frequency dividers (ILFD) are used for frequency division to reduce the overall power consumption. By injecting a high frequency signal to an LC oscillator, injecting signal gets synchronous with oscillator output. All ILFDs analysis reports are based on steady state solution when locking is reached. At the same time, it is important to consider transient analysis too. In this paper a simple model is developed to study phase transient analysis when injecting signal is small in amplitude. This model can be used for large signal injection as a good approximation  

A very low power CMOS, 1.5V, 2.5GHz prescaler was designed. Implemented in 0.25u standard CMOS technology, this prescaler can operate up to 3GHz range. The prescaler consists of three delay flip flops (DFF) that work synchronously with RF sinusoidal clock and divides by 4 or 5 according to control signal  

A 5GHz, 1.5 Volt and low power CMOS frequency synthesizer with LC-tuned VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) is presented. The synthesizer consists of an LC-tuned VCO, an injection-lock frequency divider, a very low power prescaler which brings 2.5GHz range frequency to 11 MHz, a phase-frequency detector and charge-pump with improved architecture. Spiral inductors with Q-factor of 9 are used for the LC-tuned 5 GHz VCO. A fixed 2 frequency divider based on injection-locking phenomenon is used to bring 5 GHz VCO frequency to 2.5GHz. Both VCO and injection-locked divider's oscillators are tuned with NMOS varactors with their bodies are grounded, resulting in about 700 MHz tuning range.... 

We use concepts to make distinctions. Blurring these distinctions results in conflations. So, they are commonly seen as vicious. The claim here is that, by contrast, conflations are virtuous because they can do cognitive work. They enrich our conceptual resources. It is not conflation per se that is destructive but the lack of evaluation. Committing a conflation requires two cognitive acts at once. First, keeping things together and, second, appreciating the gap between them. Conflation thus has a family resemblance with notions like analogy and metaphor. Despite their apparent difference, a shared trait is recognizable in this family: the simultaneous maintenance of similarity and... 

Dynamic vibration absorbers are used as semi-active controllers to reduce the undesirable vibrations in many applications such as electrical transmission lines, helicopters, gas turbines, engines, bridges and etc. One type of these absorbers is tunable vibration absorber (TVA). In this paper, regenerative chatter in an orthogonal turning process is suppressed using a (TVA). It is shown that TVA can modify the frequency response function of the cutting tool so as to improve cutting stability in turning process. In addition, tool wear is an important factor which works as a positive damping and helps the chatter suppression beside exertion of the TVA. Finally, using the SIMULINK Toolbox of... 

Dynamic vibration absorbers are used as semi-active controllers to reduce the undesirable vibrations in many applications such as electrical transmission lines, helicopters, gas turbines, engines, bridges and etc. One type of these absorbers is tunable vibration absorber (TVA). In this paper, regenerative chatter in an orthogonal turning process is suppressed using a (TVA). It is shown that TVA can modify the frequency response function of the cutting tool so as to improve cutting stability in turning process. In addition, tool wear is an important factor which works as a positive damping and helps the chatter suppression beside exertion of the TVA. Finally, using the SIMULINK Toolbox of... 

The production of protease by Bacillus licheniformis BBRC 100053 was studied. The most appropriate medium for the growth and protease production is composed of: lactose 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, peptone 0.5%, KH2PO 4 0.1%, MgSO4.7H2O 0.02%. Enzyme production corresponded with growth and reached a maximums level (589 U/ml) during the stationary phase at 35°C, pH equivalent to 10 and with 150 rpm after 73 hours. Protease activity was highest at pH 8 and 45°C. The best carbon sources are respectively lactose and maltose and the best nitrogen source is peptone. The protease was highly active and stable from pH 7.0 to 11.0 with an optimum at pH 7-8.... 

A simple and effective ratiometric fluorescence sensor for selective detection of dopamine (DA) in alkaline media has been developed by simply mixing thioglycolic acid (TGA) functionalized orange fluorescent cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) with amino-functionalized blue fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs). Under a single excitation wavelength of 365 nm, the sensor exhibits dual-emissions centered at 445 and 603 nm. The fluorescence of CdTe QDs is selectively quenched by DA, whereas the fluorescence of CDs is insensitive to the analyte. In the presence of different amounts of DA, the variations in the dual emission intensity ratios exhibit a continuous color change from pink to... 

Dynamic vibration absorbers are used to reduce the undesirable vibrations in many applications such as electrical transmission lines, helicopters, gas turbines, engines, bridges and etc. One type of these absorbers is tunable vibration absorber (TVA) which can act as a semi-active controller. In this paper, by applying a (TVA), chatter vibration is suppressed during boring process in which boring bar is modeled as a cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beam. The optimum specifications of absorber such as spring stiffness, absorber mass and its position can be determined by developing an algorithm based upon mode summation method. Finally, using the SIMULINK Toolbox of MATLAB, the analog simulated... 

Dynamic vibration absorbers are used to reduce the undesirable vibrations in many applications such as electrical transmission lines, helicopters, gas turbines, engines, bridges, etc. Tuneable vibration absorbers (TVA) are also used as semi-active controllers. In this paper, the application of a TVA for suppression of chatter vibrations in the boring manufacturing process is presented. The boring bar is modeled as a cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beam and the TVA is composed of mass, spring and dashpot elements. In addition, the effect of spring mass is considered in this analysis. After formulation of the problem, the optimum specifications of the absorber such as spring stiffness, absorber... 

Two new designs of wind towers were tested side by side with a conventional wind tower in the city of Yazd, Iran. All the towers were of identical dimensions. The two new designs were one with wetted column, consisting of wetted curtains hung in the tower column, and the other one with wetted surfaces, consisting of wetted evaporative cooling pads mounted at its entrance. The air temperature leaving the wind towers with evaporative cooling provisions were much lower than the air temperature leaving the conventional design, and its relative humidity much higher. The air-flow rate was reduced slightly in these new towers. It was found that the wind tower with wetted column performs better with... 

The use of Computer Science in order to categorize and store information, improve diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, patient education and the training of a skilled labor force, has taken important steps and there are constantly new developments in this area