Sharif Digital Repository

In this research, the trends of trade and transportation for the 10 subdivisions of food products and food products as a whole product based upon Standard International Trade Classification, SITC, have been appraised during the time period covering 1965 to 2005 among 125 countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. In this respect, the data of trade for the mentioned goods was gathered and other variables including gross domestic product, population, access to the international waters and area of countries and three transportation networks comprising two multimodal transportation networks and a unimodal network, during the cited period and for 125 countries was gathered. Then, regressions of trade... 

The representation concept links the information processed by the brain back to the world and enables us to understand what the brain does at a functional level.Representational models specify how activity patterns in the population of neurons relate to sensory stimuli, motor responses, or cognitive processes. In an experimental context, representational models can be defined as hypotheses about the distribution of activity profiles across experimental conditions. Three different methods are currently being used to test such hypotheses: encoding analysis, pattern component modeling (PCM), and representational similarity analysis (RSA). All three evaluate the second moment of the distribution... 

Special geometrical sections, known as “duct”, which can be installed on merchant vessels stern in order to improve propulsion system and propeller performance, today have evolved considerably. The force which produces by the propeller depends on efficiency of propulsion system. In the way of improving the efficiency of propulsion systems, by using these special geometrical sections, to much research have been done from the mid-twentieth century. The Wake Equalizing Ducts (WEDs) in addition to conduct the more uniform fluid flow to the propeller disk (which causes to improve the propeller operation), affect on flow separation in ship stern zone and will decrease the separated flow zone.... 

The measure of success in a company is determined by a high performing workforce that demonstrates the competencies necessary to drive the business success, while meeting the organization's strategic goals. This is where competency-based human resource management becomes important. The main factor contributing to the above noted area is the identification of core competencies. There has been a lot of research in this area during the past few years. Each research demonstrates an approach for the development of critical human resource competency models in an organization. In order to determine the foregoing competency model, the early studies in this area have been focused on the distinction... 

Voluntary turnover has direct and indirect expenses for organizations and for this purpose; it has one of the richest literatures in academic works. Due to the especial role of knowledge workers in organizations, these expenses in knowledge-based organizations are more important and more costly than that of other organizations. One of the latest theories in the field of voluntarily turnover was introduced by Lee and Mitchell (1994) that was named “Unfolding Model of Turnover” to describe the process of decision of voluntary turnover. This theory is distinguished from its similar theories from two main aspects: First, they introduced new elements like shock. Second, they introduced... 

Career Orientations or career choices, can be affected by internal and external factors. External factors are the environmental conditions that the reward and the attractiveness of selecting a career choice are dependent to them. Internal factors include the needs of oneself from his/her job, his/her beliefs and his/her skills and competencies about the job. In this research the internal antecedents of managerial and technical orientations between programmers have been identified. On the other hand the perception of people about the compensation system as an external factor which can affect the mentioned relationships, have been analyzed. It seems that this is the first research which career... 

Women are going to play more important roles in the economy of most countries including Iran. Hence, since the number of entrepreneurs among women is increasing, identifying characteristics and other factors that cause these group to be successful, is a critical issue. Studies show that entrepreneurs, especially women entrepreneurs, face numerous problems in their career. These problems are especially more demanding in societies with unique cultural attributes. Therefore, applying personal and managerial solutions in order to overcome these problems are necessary. On the other hand, researchers believe that one of the most effective and beneficial concepts helping entrepreneurs in their... 

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the linkage between two constructs about teamwork activities. One of them is "self-leadership in teamwork", the extent to which a person could control and manage his thoughts and activities in teamwork. The other is "shared leadership orientation", which is about orientation of people to contribute in leadership processes. This linkage evaluated with consideration of "self-efficacy in shared leadership" as a moderator.
Questionnaires of self-leadership in teamwork and self-efficacy in shared leadership elicited from literature with a little change and shared leadership questionnaire developed in another study by the author.Questionnaires... 

The present study was performed aiming to identify the ethical dilemmas human resource managers confront with in Iranian project-based organizations as well as to trace out the underlying causes. “Ethical dilemma” refers to a decision making situation in which ethical considerations render all the alternatives inapt, thence making the decision making process ethically complex. First of all, a theoretical framework was developed based on the preceding research; then, the study was further conducted utilizing a qualitative research method with an exploratory approach. The data were collected using in-depth interviews and analysed using the theme analysis method. The corresponding interviewees... 

Using Distributed leadership framework while studying the leadership phenomena in teams, especially in educational environment, has received more attention by scholars in these years. Although the results of these researches indicated positive consequences mostly, the need for exploratory studies to identify situational and contextual factors in distributed leadership effectiveness has been mentioned. In other words, it has been suggested that the effectiveness of distributed leadership in teams may be affected by situational and contextual factors. In the current multiple case study, after the initial study of leadership and its functions in some schools of Sharif University of Technology,... 

The influence mechanisms of executive/non-executive board compostion on board’s attribution style have been explored. In two case studies, I have examined boards’ causal interpretation about a critical incident which had a significant impact on firm performance. A qualitative research approach has been taken in the case studies. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with all board members and was analyzied with the theme analysis method. According to the results, board of directors’ collective attribution formation process can be devided into three stages of members’ expression of information and facts at board meetings, forming the individual judgements of members and at... 

Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding is one the most problems and challenges that every Emergency Department all over the world is facing with. This problem leads to some problems like prolonged waiting times and Length of Stay in Emergency Department. “Boarding time” is one of the most important ones, which is the time a patient spend for being transferred from Emergency Department to one of the Hospital Inpatient Wards. One important solution to this problem is “overflowing”, and it means allocating patients to an alternative ward rather than their primary ward. In practice, the overflowing process usually controlled in a myopic manner. Limited number of researches that focus in this... 

Due to the vast application of networks in the modeling of problems, the analysis of networks has been gaining a noticeable importance in recent researches. There are some cases in which we are looking for nodes that are highly connected to other nodes. However, the detailed information of the network structure is not always available; or because of complexity, it is not possible to investigate whole network and pick high-degree nodes; or investigating the network completely is too time-consuming. In such cases, algorithms which do not need the whole network information play a significant role. Friendship paradox as a topological feature of graphs can be helpful in designing such algorithms.... 

It has been reported that in some organizations despite delegation according to its concept, some of the organization members don’t have an internal motivation to use the autonomy that has been delegated to them. This problem might have different aspects. From the self-determination theory perspective, this might be because of unsatisfied basic needs of the person. For example, if all options the person has, are desirable or all of the options are undesirable and the person can’t choose between them. This might result in unsatisfied basic needs of the person. Due to these conditions, there is a probability that she won’t have an internal motivation to use autonomy. In some researches, it has... 

In this research study, the reciprocal relationship between Emergent States and Team Processes has been analyzed in boards of directors, by using case study method with semi-structured interview as the method of data collection and thematic analysis as the method of data analysis. This research was conducted on the companies which are active in Information Technology industries, their size is in the range of SMEs, and have passed the early startup stage and an external investor has joined the board. After thematic analysis, narrating each case’s story, and theoretical analysis on each case, the obtained results are demonstrated with discussion on both cases, introducing a theoretical model,... 

The present study aimed to investigate the application of self-leadership strategy by participants in a training course of employment interview through the role playing method to face the relevant challenges. Solving or regulation of the challenges in a training course can result in participants’ learning improvement. This course was taken place as a part of the Human Resource Management Course in 2017 in the graduate school of management and economics at Sharif University of Technology. Initially, background and models were reviewed, and then the research theoretical framework was developed accordingly. In addition, since the subject was rather new, a qualitative research method by...