Sharif Digital Repository

Using plasma cluster in fusion has attracted many attentions in recent year. In this work, generating of hard X-ray with energy more than 10 keVby Ti-sapphire laser, 100 fs pulses’ duration and focal intensity of more than 1014W/cm2 has been discussed. Due to significant enhancement of X-ray production from metal nanoplasma cluster, a reasonable theoretical model is needed to describe the more than 10-fold increment of X-ray generation. Hence, the present models have been studied and a proper model based on available experimental data, has been presented. The X-ray, which is produced through this way, can be used in Inertial Fusion Confinement (ICF). One of the major obstacles in ICF is... 

Different parts of this research are focused on developing FO membranes and improving their performance. For this purpose, thin film composite (TFC) membranes with fixed composition of polyethersulfone/polyamide (PES/PA) have been used to investigate the effect of nanocomposites containing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) on their performance. The support layer in all cases is PES, which is prepared through the phase inversion process and does not contain any nanofillers. The modification process takes place in the polyamide layer by dispersing the desired nanoparticles in the aqueous monomer solution necessary to form this active layer. Identification and characterization of... 

The primary objective of this thesis is comprehensive treatment of epistemic uncertainties in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis based on structural reliability methods. The classical methods of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, i.e., PSHA, traditionally consider a limited number of uncertainties. The ones that they do consider comprise the aleatory uncertainty in the magnitude, the distance, and the residuals of ground motion prediction equations and the epistemic uncertainty in the intensity measures predicted by different such equations. However, there are many sources of epistemic uncertainty that, according to past studies, have a significant impact on the upper tail of the... 

In the communication systems, there are two types of blockers: in-band and out-of-band. High frequency pre-filters and band-pass filters can be used to suppress the out-of band blockers. However, using these methods does not affect the in-band interferers. Spatial filtering by means of phased array antennas and using frequency filtering can suppress both types of interferers. In a typical phased array receiver, all of the received signals pass through active blocks (such as LNAs, active phase shifters, driver amplifiers, etc.) that amplify the interferers before canceling them. Therefore, because of the high strength of the interferers, the dynamic range of the front-end blocks preceding... 

In this study, a polyoxotungestate containing copper was impregnated as catalyst on a magnetic metal-organic framework (Fe3O4/MIL-101(Cr)). Initially, the desired polyoxotungestate was synthesized using sodium tungestate and sodium metasilicate salts and then copper(ІІ) ion was fixed on it. Subsequently, the MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic framework was prepared by solvothermal method; using chromium nitrate salt and 1,4-benzen dicarboxylic acid at 220 ◦C and was magnetized by co-precipitation method. Finally, the corresponding polyoxotungestate was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h with MIL-101(Cr) and then the brown precipitate was separated using a magnet. Different techniques such as IR,... 

In this work heterogenization of manganese porphyrins in ZIF-8 and Mg-Al-LDHs structures is performed, via host-guest interactions, and their catalytic activities for olefins epoxidation are also investigated.A heterogenized meso-tetrakis(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III) acetate at zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (T(2,3-OHP)PorMn@ZIF-8) is investigated in the catalytic olefin epoxidation reactions at room temperature at the first part. Heterogenization is done through a non-classical hydrogen bond proposed between T(2,3-OHP)PorMn bearing O-H groups and C-H of the 2-methylimidazolate linkers in ZIF-8 structure. The aforementioned compound characterized by X-ray powder... 

In this study, two layer nanocomposite membrane of polyethersulfone (support layer) and polyamide (active layer) were prepared for the purpose of desalination of water by forward osmosis method. In order to take more advantage of this membrane, montmorillonite nanoparticles which had been modified by graphene oxide were placed in it. To bind the nanoparticle components together, at first, montmorillonite was functionalized by (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to increase its nucleophilicity, and for graphene oxide to increase its electrophilicity, thionyl chloride was added. The two compounds were mixed and stirred for 24 hours in the presence of triethylamine base by magnetic stirrer at 30°C... 

Most of the seismic regulations in the Iranian design codes are adopted from the U.S. codes, while the severe earthquake rates with regards to the gross area and total population of Iran is 8.4 and 5.5 times the rates for U.S. respectively. In fact, Iranian rates are between the ones for U.S. and Japan which have up to 200% difference in prescribed strength level in their seismic codes. Poor construction quality regarding defected control in Iran adds to the problem. Therefore, the prescribed strength level of U.S. building codes and thus their target reliability index seems insufficient for use in Iran. Also, previous research has shown that the load and resistance factors in Iranian... 

The forward osmosis (FO) process is a high potential emerging membrane process in the seawater desalination and contaminated water treatment fields. One of the main challenges facing this process is the weak separation (high reverse solute flux, low water flux, and insufficient selectivity) and antifouling performances of its membranes. Various sections of this study focus on the development of FO membranes and their performance improvement. For this purpose, thin-film composite membranes with the same combination of polyethersulfone/polyamide (PES/PA) have been used to investigate the effect of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) introduction on their performance. The support layer in all cases... 

This thesis presents the seismic hazard and seismic risk analysis of the City of Golpayegan using reliability methods and multiple interacting probabilistic models. These models evaluate the seismic hazard intensity by simulating the hazard event and evaluate the seismic risk by simulating the building portfolio and infrastructure systems under the hazard event and quantifying the ensuing consequences. In this context, hazard is the exceedance probability of a ground shaking intensity measure, and risk is the exceedance probability of social and economic losses. This is the first time in the literature that reliability methods are applied in evaluating the seismic risk of a real-world city... 

In this dissertation, an attempt has been made to prepare a library from most of the inorganic and organic compounds in order to strengthen the use of nanosystems for the purpose of controlled delivery and release of drugs and genetic material. In this regard, a complete set of compounds based on metal nanoparticles, layered double hydroxides, metal-organic frameworks, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes were designed, synthesized and characterized, and nanocomposites and hybrids of them based on palladium, zinc, copper and nickel were designed as well. The nano-stable system is designed with positive surface potential, very low cytotoxicity, biodegradability and acceptable environment as... 

Carboxamide ligands have been part of the growing research in the field of coordination chemistry of transition metal complexes. The solvent used in the classical method of synthesis of these compounds is pyridine, a solvent which is extremely toxic. In this project, we have developed a new method of synthesis using ionic liquids as the reaction media and have prepared Hqcq (1), Htp(2) under optimum conditions for Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of Hqcq and Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of Htp with the formula:[Pd(qcq)(OAc)] (1a), [Pt(qcq)(Cl)] (1b), [Co(Htp)2(H2O)2].C2H5OH (2a), Co3O4 (2b), [Cu(tp)2(H2O)].CHCl3 (2c), CuO (2d), [Zn(tp)2(H2O)2] (2e), [Cd(tp)2(H2O)2].CH3OH... 

In this dissertation, an attempt has been made to optimize some smart nanocarriers and the controllable release of drug (doxorubicin) and genetic material (plasmid CRISPR). Regarding, some metal nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, transition metal complexes, graphene oxide, and functionalized carbon nanotubes have been synthesized and also characterized and their hybrids and nanocomposites have been prepared successfully. All the abovementioned nanomaterials were designed and synthesized due to achieve biodegradable, biocompatible, higher positive surface potential, lower cytotoxicity, better responsivity to stimulus, and greener compounds. Doxorubicin and plasmid CRISPR has been... 

With the increasingly collected biological data, appropriate usage of this data is of great importance for understanding and predicting biological systems and has been the aim of experiments and data collections. A famous category of biological data is known as “omics” which refers to transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and fluxomics, from different cells or tissues in various media and conditions. This set of data is regularly used for tasks such as studying cells and organisms, understanding cell states, cancer prediction, etc. and is of great importance in Systems Biology.In this thesis, we concentrate on studying cells or organisms using such data, where during that process, we... 

This thesis extends a probabilistic framework for evaluating the seismic resilience of communities by probabilistic modeling of the telecommunication infrastructure failure and recovery along with its interdependencies with other infrastructures. This framework, Rtx, that is being extended under continuous development at Sharif University of Technology, is based on modeling the community state from hazard incident until complete recovery by a combination of risk and agent-based simulation models. In this thesis the framework is extended with telecommunication infrastructure models. This infrastructure is modeled by developing a library of probabilistic models to predict damage to network... 

Current study reports a state-of-the-art approach for synthesis of nanocatalyst based on Oxo-vanadium Schiff base complex which itself is, covalently, immobilized on core-shell magnetic nanoparticles of silica-modified magnetite (Fe3O4@SiO2) and the substantial potential it offers as heterogeneous catalyst in selective oxidation of sulfides.Synthesized materials and complexes in this project were characterized by means of modern spectral devices such as FT-IR, XRD and SEM.Unlike routine process of the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts that requires further modification of the core-shell nanoparticles with capping agents, here we have been capable of cutting some time-consuming steps... 

In current research, two zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks, MIP-202 (Zr) and UIO-66(CO2H)2 were employed as catalysts in the epoxy ring-opening reactions by amino and alcoholic nucleophiles. Firstly, these metal-organic frameworks were prepared under mild synthetic conditions and then characterized by means of spectral techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron microscopy Scanning (SEM) and X-ray energy diffraction (EDAX) spectroscopy were confirmed. Finally, their catalytic activity in epoxy ring-opening reactions was investigated and in to determine optimal conditions, the... 

In this research, an attempt was made to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the targeted and controlled release systems of the anticancer drug (doxorubicin) by using inorganic and organic compounds as well as inorganic-organic hybrids. For this purpose, a whole class of aluminum fumarate metal-organic frameworks-based and reduced-graphene oxide nanocarriers were synthesized and using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis were characterized, and their nano-composites based on organotin-complexes with the approach of achieving a stable drug delivery system,... 

This thesis proposes a probabilistic framework for evaluating and enhancing the community recovery process following an earthquake occurrence. This framework serves as a recovery decision support tool, aiming to enhance community resilience through the optimal allocation of limited available resources following a disaster occurrence. To this end, Bayesian network and agent-based simulation are integrated, each of which forming one of the modules of the proposed framework. The first module, namely, the Bayesian network, leads to situational awareness of the status of the community after the earthquake by fusing data from various sources. The data, such as the earthquake event characteristics... 

Magnesium alloys as the lightest structural alloys, have a strong potential for improving the energy efficiency of different transportation systems such as automobiles, aerospace and electronics due to their high strength to weight ratio. Welding plays a crucial role as a foundational manufacturing technology. Hence, the extensive utilization of materials is greatly impacted by their ability to be welded.These alloys are highly susceptible to hot cracking such as liquation cracking during the fusion welding processes.Various mechanisms play a role in the occurrence of hot cracking, but the constitutional liquation of the coarse eutectic mg17al12 intermetallic phase is accountable for the...