Sharif Digital Repository

Optimal investment and operations of integrated local energy systems (ILESs) require medium to long-term prediction of energy consumption. To forecast load profiles, deep recurrent neural networks (DRNNs) are becoming increasingly useful due to their capability of learning uncertainty and high variability of load profiles. However, to explore and choose a DRNN model, out of conceivably numerous configurations, depends entirely on the performing task. In this regard, we tune and compare seven DRNN variants on the task of medium and long-term predictions for heating and electricity consumption. The ultimate DRNN model outperforms two state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, namely... 

Due to the expansion of power networks in response to the increase in total load demand, the complexity regarding power systems transmission networks’ configuration has been increased. Similarly, with the advent of local energy markets and transactive energy concept, power distribution networks are undergoing a fundamental change. In this respect, numerous agents are transacting power within both distribution and transmission networks. Therefore, as more power is transacted among agents in different energy networks, power networks face higher power losses. Dealing with the financial outcomes of these losses, a general accurate yet fast method for loss allocation in power networks is of... 

Demand response (DR) as a state-of-the-art program is accommodated in the energy efficiency contexts of the smart grid. Lack of the customer knowledge about how to respond to the time-differentiated tariffs and offered controlling signals is the major obstacle in the way of broad DR implementing. As a solution, an optimization method, namely load control (LC), is proposed to automatically control the on/off status of the responsive appliances in a smart home. This paper focuses on the direct load control (DLC) program in the category of incentive-based DR programs. LC is extended to consider inconvenience cost of the DLC implementation for DLC program participants. Outputs of the extended LC... 

Demand response (DR) as a state-of-the-art program is accommodated in the energy efficiency contexts of the smart grid. Lack of the customer knowledge about how to respond to the time-differentiated tariffs and offered controlling signals is the major obstacle in the way of broad DR implementing. As a solution, an optimization method, namely load control (LC), is proposed to automatically control the on/off status of the responsive appliances in a smart home. This paper focuses on the direct load control (DLC) program in the category of incentive-based DR programs. LC is extended to consider inconvenience cost of the DLC implementation for DLC program participants. Outputs of the extended LC... 

This paper proposes a hierarchical outage management scheme to enhance the resilience of a smart distribution system comprised of multi-microgrids against unexpected disaster events. In this regard, after identifying the main features and requirements for a resilient outage management scheme, an appropriate framework is devised and the roles and tasks of different management entities in a multi-microgrids system are introduced. Based on this framework, the microgrids schedule their available resources in the first stage using a novel model predictive control-based algorithm. In the second stage, distribution system operator coordinates the possible power transfers among the microgrids and... 

This paper concentrates on degradation of electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs and proposes a practical wear cost model for EVs charge scheduling applications. As the first step, all the factors affecting the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries are identified and their impacts on degradation process are investigated. Subsequently, a general model for battery loss of cycle life is devised incorporating all the pertinent factors associated with charging and discharging activities in V2G applications. Modeling the battery wear cost as a series of equal-payments over the cycle life, a mechanism for calculating the cost incurred by EV users due to... 

This paper investigates the performance of a smart distribution system comprised of multi-microgrids during emergency conditions. It also proposes a hierarchical scheme for outage management in such a system to enhance the security of supply during contingencies. This goal is achieved through sharing the available generation and storage capacities among different microgrids. In this regard, at first, a well-organized framework is devised in order to introduce the roles and tasks of each player in operation stage of a multi-microgrids system. Based on this framework, the general optimization model that needs to be evaluated in the proposed outage management scheme is formulated. Then, various... 

This paper investigates the role of parking lots in improving the reliability of renewable-based distribution systems, through provision of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs during outage events. In this regard, municipal parking decks are viewed as distributed energy storage systems and the amount of available energy from these units in random contingency events is probabilistically modeled for reliability studies. Appropriate stochastic models are also introduced to capture the volatility and intermittency of renewable sources. Moreover, it is discussed that how the adopted outage management scheme (OMS) in contingency events can affect the reliability level of customers. In response, several... 

This paper presents a stochastic framework for day-ahead scheduling of microgrid energy storage systems (ESSs) in the context of multi-objective (MO) optimization. Operation cost of microgrid in normal conditions and load curtailment index in case of unscheduled islanding events (initiated by disturbances in the main grid) are chosen as main criteria of the proposed scheme. In practice, duration of disconnection from the upstream network is unknown in unscheduled islanding incidents and cannot be predicted with certainty. To properly handle the uncertainties associated with time and duration of such events as well as microgrid load and renewable power generation, stochastic models are... 

This paper investigates three different strategies for centralized charging/discharging management of electric vehicles, their features and the impacts on technical performance of distribution systems. Three goals of load factor maximization, load variance reduction and energy loss minimization are chosen as the main technical factors need to be optimized in the proposed electric vehicles charging/discharging management strategies. In this regard, at first, the mathematical model of these strategies for both cases of with/without vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs are extracted. Then, solving procedure of the attained optimization problems with different optimization methods are explained. These... 

This paper develops a general framework for reliability assessment of multi-microgrid (MMG) distribution systems. It also investigates reliability impacts of coordinated outage man-agement strategies in a MMG distribution network. According to the proposed reliability evaluation framework, which is based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation method, distribution system is divided into smaller sections/microgrids based on protection sys-tem configuration and operating measures are efficiently simulat-ed considering different operation modes. In order to demonstrate the role of outage management strategy in reliability performance of MMG distribution systems, at first, the required features of... 

This paper presents a stochastic framework for day-ahead scheduling of microgrid energy storage systems in the context of multi-objective (MO) optimization. Operation cost of microgrid in normal conditions and load curtailment index in case of unscheduled islanding events (initiated by disturbances in the main grid) are chosen as main criteria of the proposed scheme. In practice, duration of disconnection from the upstream network is unknown in unscheduled islanding incidents and cannot be predicted with certainty. To properly handle the uncertainties associated with time and duration of such events as well as microgrid load and renewable power generation, stochastic models are involved in... 

This paper deals with energy management of microgrids during unscheduled islanding events, initiated by disturbances in the main grid. In these situations, the main challenge is uncertainty about duration of disconnection from the main grid. In order to tackle this issue, a stochastic framework is proposed for optimal scheduling of microgrid resources over this period. The presented framework addresses the prevailing uncertainties of islanding duration as well as prediction errors of demand and renewable power generation. According to this framework, the probability distribution of islanding duration needs to be estimated, instead of predicting its exact value. The objective is to minimize... 

This paper develops a general framework for reliability assessment of multi-microgrid (MMG) distribution systems. It also investigates reliability impacts of coordinated outage management strategies in a MMG distribution network. According to the proposed reliability evaluation framework, which is based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation method, distribution system is divided into smaller sections/microgrids based on protection system configuration and operating measures are efficiently simulated considering different operation modes. In order to demonstrate the role of outage management strategy in reliability performance of MMG distribution systems, at first, the required features of an... 

This paper investigates the role of parking lots in improving the reliability of renewable-based distribution systems, through provision of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs during outage events. In this regard, municipal parking decks are viewed as distributed energy storage systems and the amount of available energy from these units in random contingency events is probabilistically modeled for reliability studies. Appropriate stochastic models are also introduced to capture the volatility and intermittency of renewable sources. Moreover, it is discussed that how the adopted outage management scheme (OMS) in contingency events can affect the reliability level of customers. In response, several... 

Expanding the electricity market into the retail domain calls for inexpensive mass-produced smart devices that enable the small customers to participate in local energy transactions by managing the energy production/consumption and submitting buy/sell bids to the market. In this context, this paper presents a mathematically proven as well as practical approach for bidding of an autonomous smart transactive agent in local energy markets. To reach this goal, behaviors of both riskneutral and risk-averse agents selling energy to the market are modeled taking into account expected profit and risk criteria. Based on this modeling procedure, an optimal multi-step quantity-price bidding strategy is... 

Integration of renewable energies in generation sector of power systems has caused many new issues for planners and decision makers. Therefore, new concepts such as flexibility are introduced to properly cover these problems. In this paper, a recently announced short-term flexibility product, namely, 'Flexible ramping product' (FRP) in power markets is put under investigation from different aspects. FRP is the capacity reserved to meet next upcoming five-minute net load (load minus intermittent supply) uncertainty. Therefore, at first, the mathematical model of real-time dispatch (RTD) problem in presence of the FRP is formulated. Modeling this problem as a linear programming (LP)... 

This paper investigates three different strategies for centralized charging/discharging management of electric vehicles, their features and the impacts on technical performance of distribution systems. Three goals of load factor maximization, load variance reduction and energy loss minimization are chosen as the main technical factors need to be optimized in the proposed electric vehicles charging/discharging management strategies. In this regard, at first, the mathematical model of these strategies for both cases of with/without vehicleto- grid (V2G) programs are extracted. Then, solving procedure of the attained optimization problems with different optimization methods are explained. These... 

With the increasing rate of population in big cities around the world, the tendency to build new buildings in the suburb of main cities or to build large apartments in the main cities has been highlighted. In this regard, building residential complexes has seen a dramatic increase in these areas as it makes it possible to build a large number of residential units within a reasonable space. Although these complexes have brought numerous benefits, they are some challenges regarding their construction processes. One main concern associated with these complexes is how to optimally install energy components such as transformers, combined heat and power (CHP) units, boilers etc., in the shared... 

In this paper a new framework for scheduling of available resources in the distribution networks is developed. In this respect attempts are focused on interactions between charging/discharging profiles of electric vehicles (EVs) and output power of distributed generation units. To reach this goal, the proposed framework is designed as a two-stage optimization procedure. In the first stage, the charging/discharging schedules of EVs are extracted running a linear programing optimization problem taking into account the EV users' constraints and requirements. The usage profiles of the DG units, strategy of buying electricity from the market and also the final charging/discharging patterns of the...