Sharif Digital Repository

This review paper is devoted to the intensification of processes for nitrate removal. First, the developments of microfluidic sensors for nitrate detection and analysis have addressed. Second, the process variables of photocatalytic nitrate removal have been categorized according to their relationship with activity, selectivity and stability of the catalyst. The objective of this classification is to generate guidelines toward the photocatalytic process optimization. Third, because of the fact that a single method for nitrate removal faces some challenges, hybrid methods have been presented, and the best choice for nitrate removal can be referred to as photocatalytic – reverse osmosis... 

The development of electrode materials with nanostructures is of great importance in the field of supercapacitors. In the present research, the direct simultaneous deposition of Ni-Co nanosphere (Ni-Co NS) on nickel foam as a substrate has been performed by facile one-step electrodeposition method without any template to provide excellent electrical conductivity and efficiency of electrode materials. The SEM images of Ni-Co NS electrode showed a nanosphere shape. The electrochemical performance of the electrodeposited nanosphere has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The Ni-Co NS... 

Transition metal and rare earth selenides have gained considerable attention in energy storage devices owing to their exclusive features. In this study, a hierarchical electrodeposition process has been employed for the construction of NiCo nanosphere@NiCo2Se4 cauliflower decorated with La2Se3 nanowarm on the nickel foam as the positive electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. The results of SEM analysis showed that La2Se3 nanowarms had grown on NiCo NS@NiCo2Se4 with a core@shell structure. The fabricated electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 820C g−1 at 2 A g−1 and retained its specific capacitance (70 %) even at a high current density (20 A g−1) with excellent durability (93 % after... 

In this paper, we propose the first comprehensive mathematical performance model for product networks where fully adaptive routing is applied. Besides the generality of this model which makes it suitable to be used for any product graph, our analysis shows that the proposed model exhibits high accuracy. Simulation results show the validity and accuracy of the model even in heavy traffic and saturation region, where other models have severe problems for prediction. © 2007 IEEE  

This paper presents a comprehensive performance model for fully adaptive routing in wormhole-switched Cartesian product networks. Besides the generality of the model which makes it suitable to be used for any product graph, experimental (simulation) results show that the proposed model exhibits high accuracy even in heavy traffic and saturation region, where other models have severe problems to predict the performance of the network. Most popular interconnection network can be defined as a Cartesian product of two or more networks including the mesh, hypercube, and torus networks. Torus and mesh networks are the most popular topologies used in recent supercomputing parallel machines. They... 

Irregular topologies are desirable network structures for building scalable cluster systems and very recently they have also been employed in SoC (system-on-chip) design. Many analytical models have been proposed in the literature to evaluate the performance of networks with different topologies such as hypercube, torus, mesh, hypermesh, Cartesian product networks, star graph, and k-ary n-cube; however, to the best of our knowledge, no mathematical model has been presented for irregular networks. Therefore, as an effort to fill this gap, this paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model for fully adaptive routing in wormhole-switched irregular networks. Moreover, since our approach... 

So far, many analytical models have been proposed in the literature to evaluate the performance of networks with different topologies such as hypercube, torus, mesh, hypermesh, Cartesian product networks, star graph, and k-ary n-cube; however, to the best of our knowledge, no mathematical model has been presented for irregular networks. Therefore, as an effort to fill this gap, this paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model for fully adaptive routing in wormhole-switched irregular networks. Moreover, since our approach holds no assumption for the network topology, the proposed analytical model covers all the aforementioned models (i.e. it covers both regular and irregular... 

In this paper, we propose the first interrelated power and latency mathematical model for the Networks-on-Chip (NoC) architecture with mesh topology. Through an analytical approach, we show the importance of tile selection in which the hot (frequently accessed) IP core is mapped. Taking into account the effect of blocking in both power and latency models, causes the estimated values to be more accurate. Simulation results confirm the reasonable accuracy of the proposed model. The major output of the model which is the average energy consumption per cycle in the whole network is the efficacious parameter that is most important and must be used by NoC designers. © Springer-Verlag Berlin... 

This paper presents a comprehensive performance model for fully adaptive routing in wormhole-switched Cartesian product networks. Besides the generality of the model which makes it suitable to be used for any product graph, experimental (simulation) results show that the proposed model exhibits high accuracy even in heavy traffic and saturation region, where other models have severe problems to predict the performance of the network. Most popular interconnection network can be defined as a Cartesian product of two or more networks including the mesh, hypercube, and torus networks. Torus and mesh networks are the most popular topologies used in recent supercomputing parallel machines. They... 

This paper presents a general methodology for generating deadlock-free routing algorithms for irregular networks. Constructing a spanning tree on the given network, assigning directions to the network channels, creating deadlock-free zones, and specifying a logical sequence of the produced deadlock-free zones are the four fundamental steps that the proposed methodology takes to generate deadlock-free and connected routing algorithms. By applying the proposed methodology with two known labeling methods we have generated six irregular routing algorithms: three of them are novel routing algorithms and three of them (the Up/Down, Left/Right, and L-turn routing algorithms) have already been... 

Irregular networks provide more scalability and better cost-performance for network-based parallel computing systems. There has been much work done on developing routing algorithms for this class of networks. In this paper, a general methodology for generating deadlock-free routing algorithms for irregular networks is proposed. It not only introduces three novel efficient routing algorithms, but also covers the three best-known routing algorithms already proposed for irregular networks in the literature, namely Up/Down, Left/Right, and L-turn routing algorithms. As revealed by simulation results, the performance of the six routing algorithms mainly depends on network topology and different... 

Today, sugarcane bagasse (SB) is used for bioethanol and biodiesel production, energy generation, and adsorbent synthesis. The goal of this project is to determine the optimized conditions for producing adsorbent from sugarcane bagasse using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and KOH activation. To optimize process parameters such as reaction temperature, residence time, ZnCl2/SB mixing ratios, and water/SB mixing ratios, response surface methodology was used. The results revealed that the optimum modified adsorption occurred at 180 °C, 11.5 h, a water to biomass ratio of (5:1), and a ZnCl2 to precursor ratio of (3.5:1). The physicochemical features of optimum activated hydrochar were... 

This paper presents an ITS project in Iran, as the first intelligent tunnel management system to be deployed in support of urban traffic management. It aims to protect highway users from possible hazards, provide them travel information and support traffic controllers in efficient and effective exercise of daily works. The project concerns a high trafficked tunnel which has been inaugurated in July 2006 to connect two parts of a highway in Tehran, linking the northwest districts to northeast ones. This corridor was selected as a good candidate, due in particular, to the variety of problems encountered [1]. In order to launch the project a co-operation has been negotiated in late 2005 between... 

Integrated biomass waste management and fresh water supply are crucial environmental problems that researchers are laboring to clarify today. The co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and digested sewage sludge (DSS), with KOH activation, for SB and DSS waste management, was accomplished. In this research, the effect of process parameters and biomass ratio during co-HTC on modified hydrochar adsorption capacities was critically evaluated. To optimize operating parameters (temperature, time, catalyst/precursor ratio, water/precursor ratio, and SB/DSS ratio, response surface methodology was used. The optimum condition was 180 °C, 9.6 h, 3/1 DSS/SB ratio ([Formula... 

In this paper, a diverse range of routing algorithms is classified into a new family of routings called zone-ordered label-based routing algorithms. The proposed classification is based on three common steps (factors) for generating such routings, namely, graph labeling, deadlock-free zones, and zone ordering. The main goal of this classification is to define several new routing concepts and streamline the knowledge on routing algorithms. Following the classification, a novel methodology is proposed to generate routing algorithms for irregular networks. The methodology uses the three mentioned steps to generate deadlock-free routings. Consequently, the methodology-based routings fall into... 

Hypermesh is a promising network topology and is suitable for a range of network-based computing systems. Although there are few models reported for hypermeshes with uniform traffic pattern, no analytical model has been reported to deal with hot-spot traffic. Since many parallel applications exhibit non-uniform traffic patterns such as hot-spots, uniform traffic assumption is not always justifiable in practice. In this study, we propose a new analytical model to predict the mean message latency in wormhole-switched hypermeshes in the presence of hot-spot traffic. The proposed model can also calculate the mean latency under uniform traffic load when the hot-spot ratio is set to zero.... 

Hypermesh is a promising network topology and is suitable for a range of network-based computing systems. Although there are few models reported for hypermeshes with uniform traffic pattern, no analytical model has been reported to deal with hot-spot traffic. Since many parallel applications exhibit non-uniform traffic patterns such as hot-spots, uniform traffic assumption is not always justifiable in practice. In this study, we propose a new analytical model to predict the mean message latency in wormhole-switched hypermeshes in the presence of hot-spot traffic. The proposed model can also calculate the mean latency under uniform traffic load when the hot-spot ratio is set to zero.... 

Traffic pattern is a point of concern in today's modeling approach of network-based computing systems including NoCs and Clusters. Hypermesh is a promising network topology suitable for a range of networks. Although there are few models reported for hypermeshes with uniform traffic pattern, no analytical model has been reported yet that deal with hotspot traffic load. Since uniform traffic assumption is not always justifiable in practice as there are many parallel applications that exhibit non-uniform traffic patterns, which can produce hotspots in the network, in this study we propose a novel analytical model to analyze the mean message latency in wormhole-switched hypermesh in the presence... 

In this paper, a diverse range of routing algorithms is classified into a new family of routings called zone-ordered label-based routing algorithms. The proposed classification is based on three common steps (factors) for generating such routings, namely, graph labeling, deadlock-free zones, and zone ordering. The main goal of this classification is to define several new routing concepts and streamline the knowledge on routing algorithms. Following the classification, a novel methodology is proposed to generate routing algorithms for irregular networks. The methodology uses the three mentioned steps to generate deadlock-free routings. Consequently, the methodology-based routings fall into...