Sharif Digital Repository

Extensive studies have examined the effect of variables such as demographic characteristics, insomnia, and working conditions of drivers individually on inattention-related error as well as expression of anger in driving. Nevertheless, so far no study has tested the concurrent effect of these factors on crashes. This study has dealt with indirect investigation of the effect of variables including demographic characteristics, insomnia, and working conditions of drivers on inattention-related error and expression of anger in driving (as mediation model). Next, the effect of these two variables on the probability of incidence of road crashes has been assessed among truck drivers. For this... 

Extensive studies have examined the effect of variables such as demographic characteristics, insomnia, and working conditions of drivers individually on inattention-related error as well as expression of anger in driving. Nevertheless, so far no study has tested the concurrent effect of these factors on crashes. This study has dealt with indirect investigation of the effect of variables including demographic characteristics, insomnia, and working conditions of drivers on inattention-related error and expression of anger in driving (as mediation model). Next, the effect of these two variables on the probability of incidence of road crashes has been assessed among truck drivers. For this... 

Natural earthquake disasters are unprecedented incidents which take many lives as a consequence and cause major damages to lifeline infrastructures. Various agencies in a country are responsible for reducing such adverse impacts within specific budgets. These responsibilities range from before to after the incident, targeting one of the main phases of disaster management (mitigation, preparedness, and response). Use of OR in disaster management and coordination of its phases has been mostly ignored and highly recommended in former reviews. This paper presents a formulation to coordinate three main agencies and proposes a heuristic approach to solve the different introduced sub-problems. The... 

Contraflow or lane reversal is an efficient way for increasing the outbound capacity of a network by reversing the direction of in-bound roads during evacuations. Hence, it can be considered as a potential remedy for solving congestion problems during evacuation in the context of homeland security, natural disasters and urban evacuations, especially in response to an expected disaster. Most of the contraflow studies are performed offline, thus strategies are generated beforehand for future implementation. Online contraflow models, however, would be often computationally demanding and time-consuming. This study contributes to the state of the art of contraflow modelling in two regards. First,... 

Objective: Implementing usage-based insurance (UBI) schemes captured the attention and has found a better practical foundation, thanks to the presence of probes for recording the driving and traveling data. The UBI is believed to provide an incentive measure through premium discounts for correcting driving and traveling behavior. However, the success of UBI implementation is dependent on different factors including the presence of alternative insurance plans, the level of privacy concerns among society, and the amount of trust within the society. Therefore, designing proper discount schemes which affect UBI acceptance by drivers and its profitability for government and insurance companies... 

Research in the choice behavior of air travelers has evolved to include an analytical focus on variation in the sensitivities of travelers to factors influencing itinerary choice. Some choice studies have moved beyond a focus on assumed representative, mean-level sensitivities toward a goal of representing the distribution of preferences across a sample. The mixed multinomial logit model has served as a valuable means of estimating such distributions of air travel preferences, including studies of business travelers, impacts of airport level-of-service attributes, distributions of willingness-to-pay (WTP), and information-processing strategies. Does the insight gained in previous studies,... 

Noise is one of the most important sources of pollution in the metropolitan areas. The recognition of road traffic noise as one of the main sources of environmental pollution has led to develop models that enable us to predict noise level from fundamental variables. Traffic noise prediction models are required as aids in the design of roads and sometimes in the assessment of existing, or envisaged changes in, traffic noise conditions. The purpose of this study was to design a prediction road traffic noise model from traffic variables and conditions of transportation in Iran. This paper is the result of a research conducted in the city of Hamadan with the ultimate objective of setting up a... 

Drivers approaching an intersection at the onset of yellow change interval have two choices: To continue through the intersection or stop. Some of those who continue through the intersection succeed in reaching the other side, while others do not, causing gridlock and/or accidents. For drivers located in a "dilemma" zone, the decision to continue or stop is random in nature, and would be suitable for analysis by means of logit models. This research is based on the statistics gathered at nine intersections in Tehran, Iran. The behavior of drivers at the onset of the yellow interval was studied and their decisions to stop or proceed were modeled using logit modeling. The results indicate that... 

This paper investigated the headway distribution of platooning vehicles in work zones with and without automated Speed Photo Enforcement (SPE). Data from two work zones were collected and analyzed. The portion of vehicles traveling with a very short headway (less than 0.7 sec) was also examined. In addition, the behavior of vehicles near the law enforcement vehicles was analyzed in terms of applying brakes and changing lane in one of the work zones. The results indicated that the mean headway of cars in the median lane significantly increased in both work zones when the SPE van was present compared to the base condition. For trucks, the mean headway increase was significant only in the... 

This paper focuses on low frequency airline service patronage using the data from a survey conducted at Imam Khomeini International Airport in Tehran, Iran. It uses Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) for modeling passengers' choices. We compare the method with discrete choice models using a prediction potential measure. Unlike discrete choice methods, it can use qualitative and categorized data without having to transform them into dummy variables. It is found that the prediction accuracy of the proposed technique is better than that of the discrete choice model for the case under consideration  

Truck accidents are an issue of concern due to their severity. Logit modeling and Neural Network modeling are performed to investigate factors such as vehicle, roadway, environment and driver characteristics that can potentially contribute to the severity of truck accidents. The objective of this study is to present models that can predict the severity of truck accidents and to identify the important factors causing these accidents. Comparison between neural networks and logit modeling are made using vehicle crash data on two-lane rural highways in Iran. A variety of variables related to roadways, vehicles, environment and drivers, such as, driver fatigue, head-on collision and lack of... 

Safe and efficient pedestrian movement is an important issue of concern in traffic engineering. Evaluation and identification of effective parameters in pedestrians' decision-making process when crossing a street can be beneficial in improving their safety. In this report, two streets in Tehran, Iran were selected to study the pedestrians' crossing. The data from the video films at these locations were used to fit the logit and nested logit models. The results indicate that factors such as arrival time of first nearside vehicle to crosswalk, headway between first and second vehicle approaching the crosswalk, vehicles platoon size and their approaching speed in each lane, pedestrians' age,... 

The relationship between mean speed and crash likelihood is unclear in the literature. The contradictory findings can be attributed to the masking effects of the confounding variables in this association. Moreover, the unobserved heterogeneity has almost been criticized as a reason behind the current inconclusive results. This research provides an effort to develop a model that analyzes the mean speed-crash frequency relationship by crash severity and type. Also, the confounding and mediation effects of the environment, driver, and trafficrelated attributes have been considered. To this end, the loop detector and crash data were aggregated daily for rural multilane highways of Tehran...