Sharif Digital Repository

In this paper the reliability of distribution network is modeled in joint multistage expansion planning of distribution network assets and distributed generations (DGs). The imposed costs due to network reliability weakness are considerable in the distribution level. Therefore in the proposed model distribution network operator (DNO) considers the costs associated with load interruptions in the planning problem. In this regard, reliability evaluation of the network is modeled in the joint multistage distribution network expansion planning (MDNEP) problem in an integrated manner while the network topology is unknown until the planning problem is not solved. In the proposed joint MDNEP problem... 

This paper presents a new framework for multistage expansion planning in active power distribution networks, in which the distribution system operator (DSO) considers active network management by clearing the local energy market at the distribution level. The proposed model is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem, where the upper level minimizes the net present value of the total costs imposed to DSO associated with the investment and maintenance of the network assets as well as the network operation, while the lower level on clearing the local energy market captures the participation of distributed energy resource (DER) owners and demand aggregators to maximize the social welfare.... 

In this paper, a multi-agent framework is proposed to address the expansion planning problem in a restructured active distribution network. In this framework, the objective and techno-economic constraints of participating agents are addressed in the expansion planning of power network and DER assets as well as the network and DERs optimal operation management. The agents include distributed generator owners and load aggregators which participate along with the distribution network operator (DNO) in the active distribution network planning. The proposed framework is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem with multi-lower levels in which the DNO optimizes the network expansion planning... 

This paper presents a new framework for multistage expansion planning in active power distribution networks, in which the distribution system operator (DSO) considers active network management by clearing the local energy market at the distribution level. The proposed model is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem, where the upper level minimizes the net present value of the total costs imposed to DSO associated with the investment and maintenance of the network assets as well as the network operation, while the lower level on clearing the local energy market captures the participation of distributed energy resource (DER) owners and demand aggregators to maximize the social welfare.... 

In the present study, capability of nanodiamond (ND) for the adsorption of anionic (methyl orange, MO) and cationic (methylene blue, MB) dyes from aqueous solution was investigated. Employing fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Boehm titration method and zeta potential, it was found that the simple thermal oxidation of ND at 425 °C, increased the content of carboxylic acid of ND and accordingly the zeta potential of ND decreased considerably. Therefore, a series of oxidized NDs (OND) at various oxidation times and as-received untreated ND (UND) was used as adsorbents of MO and MB. The adsorption experiments exhibited that UND had large adsorption capacity, very fast adsorption... 

Regarding the potentials of activating commercial consumers in demand response programs, this paper proposes a new framework for energy scheduling of an active distribution network based on the concept of technical virtual power plant (TVPP), considering operational constraints of distribution network. The TVPP enables presence of commercial buildings and other distributed energy resources in day-ahead (DA) electricity market, as a price maker agent. In this regard, a bilevel optimization framework is designed to optimize the bidding strategy of TVPP in the DA market with the main goal of maximizing TVPP profit. The upper-level problem maximizes the TVPP profit, while in the lower level,... 

In modern power systems, technical virtual power plants (TVPPs) play an important role enabling presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) in electricity markets. In this paper, strategy of using the available energy resources for a TVPP is put under investigation. A new optimization framework is presented for problem of TVPP energy scheduling by taking operational constraints of distribution network into account. In the proposed model, photovoltaic (PV) units and micro turbines along with the electric vehicles (EVs) are scheduled in such a way that the profit of TVPP owner would be maximized. The uncertainty in output generation of PV units is modeled by adopting fuzzy c-means (FCM)... 

Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) plays an important role in modern power systems by coordinating distributed energy resources (DERs) to participate in wholesale electricity market. This paper presents a framework for TVPP's energy management in an active distribution system with diverse uncertain DERs. The TVPP participates in wholesale day-ahead (DA) market and schedules DERs in order to maximize its profit, while considers actual locations of DERs in the network and takes network operational constraints into account. Many diverse DERs including DGs, renewable energy sources (RESs), and several load sectors comprising EVs, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and... 

Virtual power plant (VPP) aggregates the capacity of diverse distributed energy resources (DERs) dispersed around the network and creates an individual operating portfolio from the composition of DERs characteristics. VPP can schedule the DERs to provide energy and different types of reserve services in order to trade in wholesale electricity markets or provide network services. In this chapter, an optimization model of VPP to provide energy and reserve is addressed. In this regard, diverse DERs' energy and reserve models are mentioned and optimization models of VPP to aggregate DERs in order to provide energy and reserve and make profit in wholesale markets are regarded. Furthermore, a... 

Virtual power plant (VPP) aggregates the capacity of diverse distributed energy resources (DERs) dispersed around the network and creates an individual operating portfolio from the composition of DERs characteristics. VPP can schedule the DERs to provide energy and different types of reserve services in order to trade in wholesale electricity markets or provide network services. In this chapter, an optimization model of VPP to provide energy and reserve is addressed. In this regard, diverse DERs’ energy and reserve models are mentioned and optimization models of VPP to aggregate DERs in order to provide energy and reserve and make profit in wholesale markets are regarded. Furthermore, a... 

This paper presents a two-stage adaptive robust optimization framework for day-ahead energy and intra-day flexibility self-scheduling of a technical virtual power plant (TVPP). The TVPP exploits diverse distributed energy resources’ (DERs) flexibility capabilities in order to offer flexibility services to wholesale flexibility market as well as preserving the distribution network's operational constraints in the presence of DER uncertainties. The TVPP aims at maximizing its profit in energy and flexibility markets considering the worst-case uncertainty realization. In the proposed framework, the first stage models the TVPP's participation strategy in day-ahead energy market and determines... 

This paper presents a new intra-day intra-hourly local flexibility market (LFM) framework to exploit distributed energy resources’ (DERs) flexibility capabilities. A technical virtual power plant (TVPP) operates the LFM in which the DER aggregators participate. The TVPP offers the provided flexibility capabilities to wholesale flexibility market (WFM) as well as compensating the intra-hourly variability in power distribution network. In the proposed framework, the TVPP clears the LFM by considering hierarchical transactions with the aggregator agents to find the market equilibrium in which the DERs’ flexibility capabilities are optimally exploited while all participating agents make profit... 

This paper presents a new market-based framework to exploit distributed energy resources' (DERs) flexibility in distribution and transmission systems. This framework targets intra-hourly flexibility requirements of energy systems. In this regard, a local market is operated in distribution network to exploit DERs' capabilities. Local market is cleared in coordination with wholesale market to optimize DERs' flexibility procurement for meeting intra-hourly variability and uncertainty in distribution and transmission systems. In the proposed framework, a technical virtual power plant (TVPP) operates day-ahead (DA) local energy and flexibility markets in which DER aggregators take part.... 

Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) aggregates distributed energy resources in order to trade in wholesale electricity market while taking operational constraints of network into account and offering services to distribution system operator. This article presents a new framework to incorporate the reliability of distribution network into designing the optimal bidding strategy of a TVPP in day-ahead energy market. In the proposed framework, the TVPP determines the multisteps biddings as pairs of power and price aiming at maximizing its profit in market while minimizing the outage costs due to contingency occurrences. The model is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem in which the... 

Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) aggregates distributed energy resources in order to trade in wholesale electricity market while taking operational constraints of network into account and offering services to distribution system operator. This article presents a new framework to incorporate the reliability of distribution network into designing the optimal bidding strategy of a TVPP in day-ahead energy market. In the proposed framework, the TVPP determines the multisteps biddings as pairs of power and price aiming at maximizing its profit in market while minimizing the outage costs due to contingency occurrences. The model is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem in which the... 

For the 4th IUPAP International Conference of Women in Physics, we report on activities in science and engineering in Iran, and conditions for women in physics, in the three years since the 3rd IUPAP International Conference of Women in Physics was held in 2008. Iran has made prominent advancements and astonishing progress in laser technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, genetics, computer software and hardware, and robotics. Iranian scientists have been very productive in several experimental fields, such as pharmaceutical, organic, and polymer chemistry. Conditions for women in physics have improved greatly in recent years. A project to improve the environment for learning physics, and... 

The lead is a heavy metal with hazardous impacts on environment and human life. Lead-free perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in recent years, due to eco-friendly characteristics. Meanwhile, Pb-containing cells showed the highest efficiencies among the various types of cells. Hence, designing novel Pb-free solar cells with comparable or better performance than the Pb-containing ones is highly required. In this work, a lead-free methyl-ammonium-germanium-iodide (MAGeI3)-based perovskite solar cell with ITO/TiO2/MAGeI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag multilayer nanostructure has been proposed and its main characteristics including open-circuit voltage (VOC) and power conversion efficiency (η)... 

Core/shell structure of ZnO nanowires coated with a monolayer of TiO 2 is investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The electronic states of the semiconductor is calculated and compared before and after coating of the TiO2 monolayer on a ZnO [101 0] surface. The effect of TiO2 coating induce surface states changes and shifts the conduction and valence band edges to higher energies. Our results, in qualitative agreement with the experimental work of Matt Law et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 22652), show an increase in open circuit voltage and a decrease in short circuit current in ZnO/TiO2 core shell dye sensitized solar cells. Regarding the semiconductor density of states (DOS), TiO2...