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Dose Simulation in Different Body Parts in Radiotherapy Using Fluka Monte Carlo Code on Human Phantom and Benchmarking with TL Dosimetry
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sohrabpour, Mostafa (Supervisor) ; Mahdavi, Rabi (Supervisor)
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a treatment modality that is used in treatment of most newly diagnosed cancer patients. In this method the interaction of radiation with matter and their biological effects is used for cancer treatment. The energy and intensity of the radiation in radiotherapy should be considered in order to have a lethal effect on tumors. Linear accelerators are substitutes for previous methods of radiotherapy in all over the world. These machines can work in both electron and photon mode. The Monte Carlo technique has become ubiquitous in medical physics in the last 50 years. The range of applications is very broad in medical physics. The increased use of Monte Carlo techniques is...
Dose Simulation in Different Body Parts in Radiotherapy Using BEAM Monte Carlo Code on Human Phantom and Bench-Marking with TL Dosimetry
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sohrabpour, Moustafa (Supervisor) ; Mahdavi, Rabi (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this thesis the calculated dose by corePLAN treatment planning software is compared with the calculated dose from combining BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo codes. First Varian Clinic 2100c/d linear accelerator was simulated and modeling parameters such as electron beam energy and its spatial distribution FWHM were tuned in order for PDD and dose profile curves to have an agreement with less than 2% error with the ion chamber dosimetry. In the second section the derived X-ray beams from the accelerator head simulations were used to calculate dose in different organs of a RANDO phantom. The female RANDO phantom was simulated based on its CT data using DOSXYZnrc code. The CT files of the...
Exact Simulation of Varian Clinac 2100C/D with Use of Phase Space file and Representation of Appropriate Source Model for Clinical Applications
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Sohrabpour, Mostafa (Supervisor) ; Rabi Mahdavi, Saeed (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
MC Simulation is considered to be one of the most accurate methods for transport of radiation in various media. Computational speed is the limiting factor to apply the MC method in clinical settings. One of the methods to increase the speed in MC simulations is the use of phase space file (PSF). PSF is generated by transporting the particles through the linear accelerator head. The characteristics of these particles crossing a reference plane are stored in the PSF file. The PSF can be used in subsequent simulations as a radiation source. The use of PSF is effective but has a drawback of having latent variance. Latent variance is a problem inherent in using phase space files. Latent variance...
Monte Carlo Simulation of Ir-192 Brachytherapy System for Intracavity Applicators and Benchmarking the Result with TLD and EDR2 Dosimeters
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sohrabpour, Mostafa (Supervisor) ; Mahdavi, Rabi (Supervisor)
Abstract
The main aim in radiotherapy is to destroy tumor while keeping the normal tissue in a safe condition. Brachytherapy is a method of radiotherapy in which sealed radioactive sources are used to deliver radiation at a short distance. With this mode of therapy, a high radiation dose can be delivered locally to the tumor with rapid dose fall-off in the surrounding normal tissue. Brachytherapy is usually used for cancer treatment such as breast, brain, liver, ovary, uterine cervix and prostate. In clinical application, the treatment plan is typically acquired from the planning softwares. Dose calculation in these softwares is based upon the published recommendations of AAPM TG-43 in which...
A general model for I/O system theory, Proceedings of AIMC31 [electronic resource]
, Article Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems ; 2006, Volume 3, Issue 2, Page 1-19 ; Hashem, Amir ; Sharif University of TechnologySimulation of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Assessment of the Time Parameter
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vosoughi, Naser (Supervisor) ; Mahdavi, Rabi (Supervisor) ; Robat Jazi, Mostafa (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
It is necessary to evaluate dosimetry accuracy in the framework of advanced methods for radiation therapy such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) to ensure reliability of a proposed treatment. The ability of the Monte Carlo codes to model linear accelerator (LINAC) and to calculate the exact dose distribution in clinical radiation therapy is one of the reasons to use such codes. The purpose of this project is to validate a treatment planning system with BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo codes. In this study, the dose distribution obtained from DOSXYZnrc in considered to be thr main criterion with which the dose distribution obtained from treatment planning system is assessed and...
Experimental and Numerical Study of Spray Combustion under Hot-diluted Conditions
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mardani, Amir (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this thesis, combustion of liquid fuel spray under the condition of hot and diluted oxidizer, has been investigated. To this end, a novel type laboratory-scale test rig was designed to study the physics governing the MILD-Spray combustion conditions with an applied approach. The underlined test rig eliminates the operational problems of its predecessor test stands and is used for a heavier fuel with much more complex chemical composition (kerosene). The test section is axially symmetrical, in which the fuel is injected by a pressure-swirl atomizer in the direction of hot and diluted co-flowing air. With the use of the aforesaid test rig, the effect of variables such as oxygen...
General theory of translation invariant systems [electronic resource]
, Article Mathematics and Its Applications ; Volume 329, 1995, pp 77-89 ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The basic goal of this article is to present an abstract system-theoretic approach to morphological filtering and the theory of translation invariant systems which is mainly based on residuated semigroups. Some new results as well as a number of basic questions are also introduced
Duality in a generalized model for translation invariant systems [electronic resource]
, Article Fuzzy Sets and Systems ; 1996, Volume 83, Issue 3, Pages 347–352 ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In a previous paper we introduced a generalized model for translation invariant (TI) operators. In this model we considered the space, φ of all maps from an abelian group G to ω U {-∞}, called LG-fuzzy sets, where ω is a complete lattice-ordered group; and we defined TI operators on this space. Also, in that paper, we proved strong reconstruction theorem to show the consistency of this model. This theorem states that for an order-preserving TI operator Y one can explicitly compute Y(A), for any A, from a specific subset of φ called the base of Y. In this paper duality is considered in the same general framework, and in this regard, continuous TI operators are studied. This kind of operators...
Reconstruction in a generalized model for translation invariant systems [electronic resource]
, Article Fuzzy Sets and Systems ; 1996, Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 51–55 ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
We consider translation invariant (TI) operators on Φ, the set of maps from an abelian group G to Ω ∪ {−∞} , called LG-fuzzy sets, where 0 is a complete lattice ordered group. By defining Minkowski and morphological operations on Φ and considering order preserving operators, we prove a reconstruction theorem. This theorem, which is called the Strong Reconstruction Theorem (SRT), is similar to the Convolution Theorem in the theory of linear and shift invariant systems and states that for an order preserving TI operator Y one can explicitly compute Y ( A ), for any A , from a specific subset of Φ called the base of Y . The introduced framework is a general model for the theory of translation...
Residuated semigroups and morphological aspects of translation invariant systems [electronic resource]
, Article 1997, Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 69–81 ; Fuzzy Sets and Systems ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to verify classical properties of morphological operators within the general model of translation invariant (TI) systems. In this model, TI operators are defined on the space of LG-fuzzy sets Φ i.e. Φ = {A: G → Ω ∪ {− ∞}} in which G is an abelian group and Ω is a complete lattice ordered group. A TI operator Y is an operator on Φ which is invariant under translation on G and Ω as groups. We consider the generalization of Minkowski addition (D on Φ and we emphasize that (Φ,⊛) is an involutive residuated topological monoid. We verify all properties of traditional (set-theoretic) morphological operators as well as classical representations (Matheron, 1967) for...
Forcing structures and cliques in uniquely vertex colorable graphs [electronic resource]
, Article SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics ; 2001, Volume 14, Issue 4, Pages 433-445 ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Let G be a simple undirected uniquely vertex k-colorable graph, or a k-UCG for short. M. Truszczyński [Some results on uniquely colorable graphs, in Finite and Infinite Sets, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984, pp. 733--748] introduced $e^{^{*}}(G)=|V(G)|(k-1)-{k \choose 2}$ as the minimum number of edges for a k-UCG and S. J. Xu [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 50 (1990), pp. 319--320] conjectured that any minimal k-UCG contains a Kk as a subgraph. In this paper, first we introduce a technique called forcing. Then by applying this technique in conjunction with a feedback structure we construct a k-UCG with clique number k-t, for each $t \geq 1$ and each k, when k is large enough. This also...
Graph homomorphisms and nodal domains [electronic resource]
, Article Linear Algebra and its Applications ; 2006, Volume 418, Issue 1, Pages 44–52 ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this paper, we derive some necessary spectral conditions for the existence of graph homomorphisms in which we also consider some parameters related to the corresponding eigenspaces such as nodal domains. In this approach, we consider the combinatorial Laplacian and co-Laplacian as well as the adjacency matrix. Also, we present some applications in graph decompositions where we prove a general version of Fisher’s inequality for G-designs
On defining numbers of circular complete graphs
, Article Discrete Mathematics ; Volume 307, Issue 2, 28 January 2007, Pages 173–180 ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Let d(σ)d(σ) stand for the defining number of the colouring σσ. In this paper we consider View the MathML sourcedmin=minγd(γ) and View the MathML sourcedmax=maxγd(γ) for the onto χχ-colourings γγ of the circular complete graph Kn,dKn,d. In this regard we obtain a lower bound for dmin(Kn,d)dmin(Kn,d) and we also prove that this parameter is asymptotically equal to χ-1χ-1. Also, we show that when χ⩾4χ⩾4 and s≠0s≠0 then dmax(Kχd-s,d)=χ+2s-3dmax(Kχd-s,d)=χ+2s-3, and, moreover, we prove an inequality relating this parameter to the circular chromatic number for any graph G
Modeling Driving Behaviors Using Smartphone Sensors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Samimi, Amir (Supervisor)
Abstract
Monitoring driving behaviors of drivers, would avoid their dangerous behaviors and remarkably raise the safety. Nowadays real-time supervision is considered as one of the modern methods of controlling driving behaviors. Previously, due to expensive costs of required equipments and other restrictions, this kind of supervision hasn't been considered fairly. Nowadays increasing usage of smart phones, which contain multiple sensors, enables this type of supervision with lower costs. In the present study we would present some models, to assess the driving behavior via smart phone sensors such as accelerometer, gyroscope and rotation vector
Crack Propagation Modeling in Arched Concrete Structures Reinforced by FRP Using XFEM and Damage Model
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khoei, Amir Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
In practice, structures made of concrete are full of cracks. The strength of concrete is mainly determined by the tensile strength, which is about 10% of the compressive strength. As long as cracking in concrete is unavoidable, we have to try to minimize their detrimental effects. This objective can be achieved by resisting (or limiting) propagation of existing cracks. Because of this, reinforcement (mostly steel) is used to increase the carrying capacity of the material and to control the development of cracks. Concrete structures that fail, already shows a large number of large and small cracks before their maximum carrying capacity is reached. The failure of concrete can be characterized...
Structural Health Monitoring Using Optimal Finite Element Model Based on Digital Image Correlation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Khaloo, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to monitor the health of structures using the updated finite element model, in which digital images are used to optimize the numerical model. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is always an important and significant issue that has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. In general, some researches have been conducted in this field using physical sensors that provide discrete data to the system for analysis. Using cameras to monitor the structure makes it possible to extract continuous and integrated data from the structure using digital images, which is a significant advantage compared to physical sensors.In this research, a steel...
Finite Size Effect in SLE(k,p)
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moghimi Araghi, Saman (Supervisor)
Abstract
Conformal Field Theory provides an efficient method for studying physical problems in critical point. Correlation length becomes converge in this point. It can also be clarified that some curves are observed in geometrical phase transition which are conformal invariant and they can be studied using SLE(k). The first mathematical generalization of SLE(k) while keeping the self-similarity property, leads to SLE(k,p). Conformal field theory and SLE are interrelated and their parameters are interpretable for each other. One usually studies the problem in the upper-half plane. Here we consider the problem using a map like (w=L/π Ln z) between the upper-half plane and a special region (e.g. a...
On small uniquely vertex-colourable graphs and Xu's conjecture [electronic resource]
, Article Discrete Mathematics ; Volume 223, Issues 1–3, 28 August 2000, Pages 93–108 ; Naserasr, Reza ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Consider the parameter Λ(G) = |E(G)| - |V(G)|(k - 1) + (k2) for a k-chromatic graph G, on the set of vertices V(G) and with the set of edges E(G). It is known that Λ(G)≥0 for any k-chromatic uniquely vertex-colourable graph G (k-UCG), and, S.J. Xu has conjectured that for any k-UCG, G, Λ(G) = 0 implies that cl(G) = k; in which cl(G) is the clique number of G. In this paper, first, we introduce the concept of the core of a k-UCG as an induced subgraph without any colour-class of size one, and without any vertex of degree k - 1. Considering (k, n)-cores as k-UCGs on n vertices, we show that edge-minimal (k, 2k)-cores do not exist when k ≥ 3, which shows that for any edge-minimal k-UCG on 2k...
Graph homomorphisms through random walks [electronic resource]
, Article Journal of Graph Theory ; 2003, Volume 44, Issue 1, pages 15–38 ; Hajiabolhassan, Hossein ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this paper we introduce some general necessary conditions for the existence of graph homomorphisms, which hold in both directed and undirected cases. Our method is a combination of Diaconis and Saloff–Coste comparison technique for Markov chains and a generalization of Haemers interlacing theorem. As some applications, we obtain a necessary condition for the spanning subgraph problem, which also provides a generalization of a theorem of Mohar (1992) as a necessary condition for Hamiltonicity. In particular, in the case that the range is a Cayley graph or an edge-transitive graph, we obtain theorems with a corollary about the existence of homomorphisms to cycles. This, specially, provides...