Sharif Digital Repository

Pipelines are one of the most important and efficient ways for transporting energy like water, gas, oil and etc. between different places all across the world. As these pipelines are located in different conditions and situations, they are all sensitive to a wide variety of damages like vibration, so monitoring their structural behavior is an essential task. Monitoring pipeline vibration caused by cavitation through an orifice by a piezoelectric sensor is presented in this paper  

In this paper, we list four different interpretations of synchronizability, study their profile in different network structures and give evidence that they do not coincide, in general. By changing the network topological properties, their behavior is tracked and compared with each other. It is shown that their trend goes in different directions in heterogeneous networks such as scale-free ones, whereas in homogeneous ones such as random networks they go hand in hand, as networks' structural parameters change. We also consider networks whose synchronization properties are enhanced through proper weighting or rewiring. The weighting procedure considers information on the node-degrees, node and... 

Synchronizability of dynamical networks can be defined as the ease by which the network synchronizes its activity. We propose a method for enhancing the synchronizability of dynamical networks by efficient rewirings. The method is based on the eigenvectors corresponding to the second smallest and the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix and a modified version of the simulated annealing approach is used to perform the optimization task. Starting from a simple network, i.e. an undirected and unweighted network, and at each step, an edge is selected for disconnection and two non-adjacent nodes for creating at edge in between. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested on artificially... 

An efficient algorithm for the design optimization of the compressible fluid flow problem through a flexible structure is presented. The methodology has three essential parts: first the behavior of compressible flow in a supersonic diffuser was studied numerically in quasi-one-dimensional form using a flux splitting method. Second, a fully coupled sequential iterative procedure was used to solve the steady state aeroelastic problem of a flexible wall diffuser. Finally, a robust Genetic Algorithm was implemented and used to calculate the optimum shape of the flexible wall diffuser for a prescribed pressure distribution. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved  

In this paper, the authors analyze conditions under which they can be certain on the intensity addition of a given device, such as tapped-delay lines, used in digital incoherent all-optical communication systems. A general expression for phase-induced intensity noise that is applicable to all types of semiconductor lasers is derived by defining an optical self-SNR expression that can be used to analyze and measure phase-induced intensity noise. The result shows that in order to have a minimal phase-induced intensity noise in most digital optical incoherent systems, a large optical self-SNR, e.g., 20 dB or more, is needed. This in turn is shown to place a limit on the maximum rate of... 

With the significant role that warehouse plays in connection to suppliers, distributors, and clients, and considering the costliness of storage systems, efforts have focused on the reduction of procedural expenses. Among the most significant expenses, one involves the distance traveled by operators or S/R machinery for the selection of ordered items; the common solution to which has been through the classification of stored items. Previous articles have focused on linear solutions to the abovementioned problem, such as P-Median. This article shall focus on the problems arising from the said solution, and instead a non-linear method proposed. Further, a heuristic algorithm is produced for the... 

Modern societies are strongly dependent on the continuous and efficient operation of electric power systems as a critical infrastructure. Besides, information and communication systems play a crucial role in the resiliency enhancement of the power system. As power communication systems are vulnerable against physical and cyber attack, these systems themselves can be an internal source of threat for power grids. Therefore, there is a need to identify and study the threats and weaknesses of power communication systems using a comprehensive framework. This framework helps power communication network planners evaluate all challenges and their numerous effects on the system, as a very important... 

In this paper, the compressible gas flow through a pipe subjected to wall heat flux in unsteady condition in the entrance region is investigated numerically. The coupled conservation equations governing turbulent compressible viscous flow in the developing region of a pipe are solved numerically under different thermal boundary conditions. The numerical procedure is a finite-volume-based finite-element method applied to unstructured grids. The convection terms are discretized by the well-defined Roe method, whereas the diffusion terms are discretized by a Galerkin finite-element formulation. The temporal terms are evaluated based on an explicit fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The effect of... 

In this paper, the authors analyze conditions under which they can be certain on the intensity addition of a given device, such as tapped-delay lines, used in digital incoherent all-optical communication systems. A general expression for phase-induced intensity noise that is applicable to all types of semiconductor lasers is derived by defining an optical self-SNR expression that can be used to analyze and measure phase-induced intensity noise. The result shows that in order to have a minimal phase-induced intensity noise in most digital optical incoherent systems, a large optical self-SNR, e.g., 20 dB or more, is needed. This in turn is shown to place a limit on the maximum rate of... 

Adaptive Model Predictive Transmission Control Protocol (AMP-TCP) as a new TCP delay-based congestion control algorithm is introduced. Both aspects of design and implementation of the algorithm are described using simulations on the ns-2 network simulator. The design stage is composed of two steps. First, a recursive system identification approach is proposed to capture the network delay dynamics from TCP source view. Second, the proposed modeling is employed to develop an adaptive model predictive TCP congestion control strategy in the absence of any explicit congestion notification. The characteristics and performance of AMP-TCP are investigated using several network simulations. Finally a... 

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses multiple timers to do its work. The most important of these is the retransmission timer. In this paper, the TCP retransmission timer adjustment mechanism is approached from a system point of view and a new mechanism is proposed. A simple recursive system identification algorithm is used to capture both time variant and time invariant Internet behavior. Also a dynamic model-based Round-Trip Time (RTT) predictor was provided. Based on network simulation and real Internet data collection, it was observed that when the retransmission timer is adjusted by the proposed predictor instead of the traditional RTT estimator, performance increased significantly  

We use the 3D vectorial Gaussian beam tracing method to model millimeter wave propagation. We simulate the propagation of Gaussian beams in a large scale environment at 62.4 GHz. First, a known far field pattern of the transmitter antenna is expanded into a set of Gaussian beams. We chose Gabor expansion based method to expanding radiating field into Gaussian beams. Then, a Gaussian beam tracing model considering reflections and transmission is used to represent urban microcell propagation. We use a phase matching method to find reflected Gaussian beam The results of the Gaussian beam tracing simulations including line-of-sight (LOS) and non-Iine-of-sight (NLOS) propagation are compared with... 

In this paper, we study the downlink of cooperative Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems, where a set of Mobile Terminals (MT) cooperate with the purpose of improving their downlink communications reliability with Base Station (BS). For combating Multiple-Access Interference (MAI) as well as transferring complexity and spatial processing from the mobile terminals to the transmitter of BS, multiuser transmitter precoding is considered. In addition to multiuser precoding based on Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) criterion for mitigating MAI, the proper transmission power control strategy under a fixed total power constraint is proposed and analyzed. Compared with... 

We conduct an experimental investigation on the pool boiling enhancement in DI water on nanoporous surfaces. The surfaces are modified by anodic oxidation, and cavities with 2 mm diameter and pitches between 2.5 and 5 mm applied on them using EDM method filled with a two-part epoxy with low thermal conductivity properties. The capillary wicking action of the superhydrophilic nanoporous oxide layer enhances the rewetting and spreading of the liquid to dry-spots during boiling. The epoxy disks remain wet and prevent merging bubbles during the pool boiling experiment and a 2-D microflow is induced toward dried regions with synergic effects of nanoporous surface absorption, create a considerable... 

Anti-reflection and self-cleaning coatings on the glass substrate are used to improve the performance of solar systems. TiO2 are one of the most used semiconductors for this application. In this research meso-porous TiO2 coatings (that synthesized by the sol-gel process) with the various extent of porosity (using different concentrations of Pluronic F127, as pore-forming agent) have been investigated. The coating's thickness and porosity and anti-reflective properties were studied by FE-SEM and UV/VIS spectrometer (transmission spectra test), respectively. It was found that the use of F127 leads to the formation of pores smaller than 30 nm and increases the surface roughness from 1.5 (for... 

Performance characteristics of turbocharger turbine and compressor such as efficiency, mass parameter and power are determined experimentally at turbocharger laboratory. Accurate determination of the performance map is significant for manufacturers as well as end users. To this end accurate measurement of test parameters such as temperature, pressure, and speed are required. In this paper an analytic method to predict the measurement uncertainties in turbocharger laboratory, is described. Furthermore the effect of each test parameter on the performance uncertainty is considered. Test parameters that have the most significant influence on the performance uncertainties are identified.... 

Due to climate change and the need to use renewable energy resources, solar cell modification is being considered by scientists around the world. Photocatalytic and anti-reflective coatings on solar cells can affect the efficiency and stability of solar cells. In this study, single-layer zinc oxide thin films and double-layer ZnO–TiO2 thin films were investigated to study their photocatalytic and optical properties. In fact, the effect of porosity and the application of double-layer thin films on the optical and photocatalytic properties of coated glass were studied. Mesoporous thin films thinner than 100 nm were synthesized using a sol-gel process and the ZnO thin film with 2 × 10-2 M... 

An AlCl3-ZnCl2 mixture supported on silica gel is found to be a new efficient medium for the Beckmann rearrangement in solvent-free conditions under microwave irradiation. The yields are good to excellent  

In this study, the failure analysis of a shaft of a unit, which had been failed during the service, was studied. This shaft was welded to the blades, and their chemical compositions were determined by spectroscopy method. In order to determine the root cause of failure and contribution factors, different investigation methods including visual examination, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope analysis, and hardness test were carried out. It was concluded that the shaft was failed due to fatigue. The failure was caused by improper welding of blades to the shaft. At the end, in order to prevent or decelerate such failure, some recommended remedies were suggested  

The authors' research work on pressure drop along gas transmission pipelines raised questions regarding the development length of the corresponding compressible flow and the effect of heat transfer in the entrance region on the pressure drop along the whole length of the pipe. In this paper, laminar, viscous, compressible flow in the entrance region of a pipe is investigated numerically in two dimensions. The numerical procedure is a finite-volume based finite-element method applied on unstructured grids. This combination together with a new method applied for boundary conditions allows accurate computation of the variables in the entrance region. The method is applied to some incompressible...