Sharif Digital Repository

In nonlinear acoustic regime, a body insonified by a sound field is known to experience a steady force that is called the acoustic radiation force (RF). This force is a second-order quantity of the velocity potential function of the ambient medium. Exploiting the sufficiency of linear solution representation of potential function in RF formulation, and following the classical resonance scattering theorem (RST) which suggests the scattered field as a superposition of the resonant field and a background (non-resonant) component, we will show that the radiation force is a composition of three components: background part, resonant part and their interaction. Due to the nonlinearity effects, each... 

A body insonified by a constant (time-varying) intensity sound field is known to experience a steady (oscillatory) force that is called the steady-state (dynamic) acoustic radiation force. Using the classical resonance scattering theorem (RST) which suggests the scattered field as a superposition of a resonance field and a background (non-resonance) component, we show that the radiation force acting on a cylindrical shell may be synthesized as a composition of three components: background part, resonance part and their interaction. The background component reveals the pure geometrical reflection effects and illustrates a regular behavior with respect to frequency, while the others... 

Objective: The method of wave function expansion in association with the spatial Fourier transform technique is adopted to study the steady-state sound radiation characteristics of a cylindrical component of infinite length subjected to an arbitrary time-harmonic on-surface concentrated radial drive. Method: Presenting the acoustical radiated coefficient as an exact function of modal accelerance function of the shell and following the classical Resonance Scattering Theory (RST), postulate that the radiated field can be synthesized as a superposition of the resonance response of the shell and a background signal within each partial wave. Utilizing the inherent background approach, we... 

An exact analysis based on the wave function expansion is carried out to study the scattering of a plane harmonic acoustic wave incident at an arbitrary angle upon an arbitrarily thick helically filament-wound (anisotropic) cylindrical shell submerged in and filled with compressible ideal fluids. Using the laminated approximation method, a modal state equation with variable coefficients is set up in terms of appropriate displacement and stress functions and their cylindrical harmonics to present an analytical solution based on the three-dimensional exact equations of anisotropic elasticity. Taylor's expansion theorem is then employed to obtain the solution to the modal state equation,... 

The particle shape is an important factor playing critical role in evaluation of the interactions between particles in high-concentration particle-fluid flows. In this paper, the well-known multisphere (MS) approximation approach and the novel rolling resistance approach are utilized to examine their performance in order to simplify the generalized shaped particle’s interactions within the framework of discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The performance of two approaches are compared with the perfect particle’s shape geometry, for the limited cases of cubic-shaped and disk-shaped particle flows in a horizontal well drilling process as a reference scenario.... 

Increasing cuttings bed height is a serious concern during extended-reach well drilling. In order to predict and prevent cuttings bed height increase, it is essential to study how the critical parameters influence the cuttings transport, especially the drill pipe rotation effects on the cuttings transport process. In conventional models for cuttings transport, the dynamic behavior of particles due to drill pipe rotation is neglected or empirically simplified. This paper presents a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) approach to simulate the cuttings transport considering the dynamic collision process. The fluid phase is treated as an Eulerian continuum... 

During the well drilling process, particles are produced in different shapes. The shape of particles can influence the characteristics of particles transport process. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of particle shape on the transportation mechanism. For this purpose, a three-dimensional model is prepared for simulation of particle transportation with spherical and non-spherical shapes, during deviated well drilling. The motion of particles and the non-Newtonian fluid flow are simulated via discrete element method and CFD, respectively. The two-way coupling scheme is used to incorporate the effects of fluid-particle interactions. Three different samples of non-spherical shapes... 

The particle shape is an important factor playing critical role in evaluation of the interactions between particles in high-concentration particle-fluid flows. In this paper, the well-known multisphere (MS) approximation approach and the novel rolling resistance approach are utilized to examine their performance in order to simplify the generalized shaped particle’s interactions within the framework of discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The performance of two approaches are compared with the perfect particle’s shape geometry, for the limited cases of cubic-shaped and disk-shaped particle flows in a horizontal well drilling process as a reference scenario.... 

We investigate the effect of particle shape on the transportation mechanism in well-drilling using a three-dimensional model that couples computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the discrete element method (DEM). This numerical method allows us to incorporate the fluid-particle interactions (drag force, contact force, Saffman lift force, Magnus lift force, buoyancy force) using momentum exchange and the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid. The interactions of particle-particle, particle-wall, and particle-drill pipe are taken into account with the Hertz-Mindlin model. We compare the transport of spheres with non-spherical particles (non-smooth sphere, disc, and cubic) constructed via the... 

The accurate and precise computational models in order to predict the hole cleaning process is one of the helpful assets in drilling industries. Besides the bulk properties such as the flow velocity, particles average size, cleaning fluid properties, etc., that will affect the cleaning process, there is an unanswered question about the microscopic properties of the particles, particularly those which determines the contact characteristics: Do those play a major role or not? The rudimentary answer is not. The first purpose of the present work is to answer this question via a developed computational fluid dynamics coupled with discrete element method (CFD–DEM) in which the six unknown rolling... 

The method of wave function expansion is adopted to study the three dimensional scattering of a time-harmonic plane progressive sound field obliquely incident upon a multi-layered hollow cylinder with interlaminar bonding imperfection. For the generality of solution, each layer is assumed to be cylindrically orthotropic. An approximate laminate model in the context of the modal state equations with variable coefficients along with the classical T-matrix solution technique is set up for each layer to solve for the unknown modal scattering and transmission coefficients. A linear spring model is used to describe the interlaminar adhesive bonding whose effects are incorporated into the global... 

Acyclic and cyclic acetates of various alcohols and phenols were obtained in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation. Selective deprotection of acetate group from the corresponding phenolic compounds was carried out in the presence of LiClO4· 2H2O. Copyright © Taylor & Francis, Inc  

A simple, efficient, and general synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of Michael adducts in the presence of solid lithium perchlorate under solvent-free conditions. Nucleophilic addition of thiols and indoles gave the corresponding Michael adducts in high yields. © 2005 Taylor & Francis  

Phenolic compounds and carboxylic acids are methylated with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalytic amount of BF3· OEt2, DBU, or KOH, in good to excellent yields under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions  

The dynamic behavior of a functionally graded (FG) simply supported Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to a moving oscillator has been investigated in this paper. The Young's modulus and the mass density of the FG beam vary continuously in the thickness direction according to the power-law model. The system of equations of motion is derived by using Hamilton's principle. By employing Petrov-Galerkin method, the system of fourth-order partial differential equations of motion has been reduced to a system of second-order ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are solved using Runge-Kutta numerical scheme. In this study, the effect of the various parameters such as power-law... 

Recent progress in developing artificial neural network (ANN) metamodels has paved the way for reliable use of these models in the prediction of air pollutant concentrations in urban atmosphere. However, improvement of prediction performance, proper selection of input parameters and model architecture, and quantification of model uncertainties remain key challenges to their practical use. This study has three main objectives: to select an ensemble of input parameters for ANN metamodels consisting of meteorological variables that are predictable by conventional weather forecast models and variables that properly describe the complex nature of pollutant source conditions in a major city, to... 

For a power transfer path, total transfer capability (TTC) represents maximum power that can be transferred over the transmission system. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a device that can be used to increase in TTC. This study presents a new method for optimal UPFC application to minimise power loss while enhancing TTC. Based on UPFC injection model, the solution region of UPFC parameters is first found using the proposed method to maximise TTC. It then searches the solution region to find optimal UPFC control mode and setting to minimise system power loss. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE-Reliability Test System and the UPFC application impact are evaluated. Comparative... 

Distributed generation (DG) portion of power production is increasing more and more. DG poses different benefits and difficulties in a power system. Inadvertent islanding is a problem with DG which may cause health danger to line crew and can damage both DG and power system equipments. This paper investigates the effect of reactive power on ROCOF islanding detection method. Impacts of load power factor and load combination are studied using a sample test system. The paper offers a corrective method to cope with impacts of load reactive power. A way is suggested to locate DG such that the role of reactive power becomes a positive factor in islanding detection. © 2004 IEEE  

The electric power industry around the world is presently undergoing considerable changes with respect to structure, operation and regulation. Distributed generation is expected to play a major role in this new environment One the main benefits of DG is to enhance system reliability as it can restore power to the separated or bottle-necked part of distribution system in case of a contingency occurs. This paper presents an approach to examine and evaluates the applicability and customer interruption cost analysis in DG-connected distribution system in a specified planning horizon. The impacts on customer interruption cost reduction of different load growth rate, DG location and different... 

The implementation of Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) for the propagation of uncertainty in real-world seawater intrusion (SWI) numerical models often becomes computationally prohibitive due to the large number of deterministic solves needed to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy. Previous studies have mostly relied on parallelization and grid computing to decrease the computational time of MCSs. However, another approach which has received less attention in the literature is to decrease the number of deterministic simulations by using more efficient sampling strategies. Sampling efficiency is a measure of the optimality of a sampling strategy. A more efficient sampling strategy requires...