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Despite the economic and environmental advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the increased utilization of PHEVs brings up new concerns for power distribution system decision makers. Impacts of PHEVs on distribution networks, although have been proven to be noticeable, have not been thoroughly investigated for future years. In this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed to study the PHEV impacts on residential distribution systems. In so doing, PHEV fundamental characteristics, i.e., PHEV battery capacity, PHEV state of charge (SOC), and PHEV energy consumption in daily trips, are accurately modeled. As some of these effective characteristics depend on vehicle owner's... 

Home energy management (HEM) schemes persuade residential customers to actively participate in price-based demand response (DR) programs. In these price-based HEM methods, a controller schedules the energy consumption of household's controllable appliances in response to electricity price signals, considering various customer preferences. Although numerous methods have been recently proposed for HEM application, prioritizing the operation of controllable appliances from the customer's viewpoint in price-based HEM has not been addressed, which is the focus of the present paper. To do this, the value of lost load (VOLL) of each appliance is defined to indicate the operational priority of that... 

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a good candidate for cost-effective perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its direct bandgap with a value of 1.4–1.5 eV. In this study, we investigate CZTS ink as an inorganic hole-transport-layer (HTL) in CsMAFAPbIBr mixed halide PSCs. We study the cell efficiency and hole extraction from the perovskite layer for different thicknesses of HTL. The optimized device exhibits better hole selectivity, and the best efficiency of the device (12.84%) is achieved for the CZTS layer with a thickness of 159 nm. The prepared samples were also tested by open-circuit voltage decay analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies. Results show that the optimized device effectively... 

Deep learning has received much attention as of the most powerful approaches for multimodal representation learning in recent years. An ideal model for multimodal data can reason about missing modalities using the available ones, and usually provides more information when multiple modalities are being considered. All the previous deep models contain separate modality-specific networks and find a shared representation on top of those networks. Therefore, they only consider high level interactions between modalities to find a joint representation for them. In this paper, we propose a multimodal deep learning framework (MDLCW) that exploits the cross weights between representation of... 

The morphology of a quaternary blend containing a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), a thermoplastic modifier (PMMA), a phase-separating curing agent (diaminodiphenylmethane, DDM), and a non-phase-separating curing agent (methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline, MCDEA) was studied as a function of volume fraction of the thermoplastic modifier and fractional concentration of the curing agents in their mixture. It was found that using mixtures of curing agents a co-continuous morphology could be obtained at PMMA concentrations as low as 2.5 volume percent. Using FTIR spectroscopy it was proved that specific interactions are present between PMMA and individual amine curing agents. On the... 

The turbulent limit of three dimensional Burger equation was studied. An adjusting parameter emerged through the calculations, based on mean field analysis, that was the scaling exponent of conditional density-density correlations. Two kinds of solutions were also shown for velocity-increment probability density function (PDF)  

The presence of different energy carriers as well as the advent of new multi-generation technologies such as combined heat and power (CHP) at homes necessitates designing an integrated model for optimal operation of such multi-carrier energy home. A residential energy hub model including a CHP and a Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is presented in this paper to show the multi-carrier energy system operation. In addition, this paper proposes an optimization-based formulation for PHEV charging control in the residential energy hub. The payment cost is minimized for the charge scheduling of PHEV through optimization of the residential energy hub operation in response to the... 

This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart multi-carrier energy home consisting of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), combined heat and power (CHP), solar panels, and electrical storage system (ESS). The energy hub inputs are electricity and natural gas that provide electrical and heat demands at the output ports. In this paper, an optimization-based program is proposed to determine the optimal operation mode of the energy hub, to manage the energy consumption of responsive appliances, to schedule charging/discharging of PHEV and the storage system, and to coordinate solar panels operation with household responsive demand in response to day-ahead time-varying tariffs... 

This paper proposes a novel optimization based home load control (HLC) to manage the operation periods of responsive electrical appliances, determine several recommended operation periods for nonresponsive appliances, and schedule the charge/discharge cycling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) considering various customer preferences. The customer preferences are in the format of payment cost, interruption cost, and different operational constraints. The projected algorithm is online, in which household appliances are initially scheduled based on the payment cost, and when the home load is interrupted, the scheduling will be updated to minimize customer interruption cost. Due to... 

Going back and taking a quick glance at the history of developed countries prove that prosperity of any society is tightly intertwined with resiliency and sustainability of its preliminary infrastructures. Surely, in modern societies, electricity is among the most important infrastructures whose resiliency and sustainability are a key driving force toward development of the society. This is verified by the fact that since the industrial revolution, per capita electricity consumption has been taken as a key index showing the level of economic development and standard of living in a country. This paper focuses on the concept of resiliency and sustainability of electric power systems. The... 

One way of more efficiently utilizing the existing gas and electrical infrastructures is to consider them as one integrated system in planning and operation of energy systems. The energy hub framework is adopted to determine a modeling procedure for such multi carrier energy systems. This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart home. A residential combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration technology, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are employed in the model. Operation of the hub is optimized through a proposed optimization-based formulation. The objective is to minimize customer payment cost. Solving the problem determines how much of each energy carrier the... 

Despite the economic and environmental advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the increased utilization of PHEVs brings up new concerns for power distribution system decision makers. Impacts of PHEVs on distribution networks, although have been proven to be noticeable, have not been thoroughly investigated for future years. In this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed to study the PHEV impacts on residential distribution systems. In so doing, PHEV fundamental characteristics, i.e., PHEV battery capacity, PHEV state of charge (SOC), and PHEV energy consumption in daily trips, are accurately modeled. As some of these effective characteristics depend on vehicle owner's... 

Smart grids are envisioned to support large penetrations of electrical vehicles driven by economical and environmental signals. Nevertheless, distribution system operators are becoming concerned about distribution congestion that may occur in the network with multiple domestic plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) charging. Therefore, investigating the impacts of high PHEV penetration levels on the performance of distribution networks seems to be essential for system operators and planners. Doing so, in this paper, PHEV characteristics are precisely extracted from valid published reports and surveys. Accordingly, a comprehensive model for investigating the impacts of different PHEV... 

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology provides one of the most promising solutions to tackle the threatening challenges such as air pollution in urban areas. Dramatic increases in the number of PHEVs could have major impacts on power system operations because of their high electricity demand. From the distribution system operator facet, distribution system congestion during PHEVs charging is an economic and security concern. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the effects of widespread using of PHEVs on the performance of distribution networks. In this paper, PHEV characteristics are exactly studied and a comprehensive model for investigation of PHEV impacts is achieved.... 

Smart grids are envisioned to support large penetrations of electrical vehicles driven by economical and environmental signals. Nevertheless, distribution system operators are becoming concerned about distribution congestion that may occur in the network with multiple domestic plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) charging. Therefore, investigating the impacts of high PHEV penetration levels on the performance of distribution networks seems to be essential for system operators and planners. Doing so, in this paper, PHEV characteristics are precisely extracted from valid published reports and surveys. Accordingly, a comprehensive model for investigating the impacts of different PHEV... 

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology provides one of the most promising solutions to tackle the threatening challenges such as air pollution in urban areas. Dramatic increases in the number of PHEVs could have major impacts on power system operations because of their high electricity demand. From the distribution system operator facet, distribution system congestion during PHEVs charging is an economic and security concern. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the effects of widespread using of PHEVs on the performance of distribution networks. In this paper, PHEV characteristics are exactly studied and a comprehensive model for investigation of PHEV impacts is achieved.... 

One way of more efficiently utilizing the existing gas and electrical infrastructures is to consider them as one integrated system in planning and operation of energy systems. The energy hub framework is adopted to determine a modeling procedure for such multi carrier energy systems. This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart home. A residential combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration technology, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are employed in the model. Operation of the hub is optimized through a proposed optimization-based formulation. The objective is to minimize customer payment cost. Solving the problem determines how much of each energy carrier the... 

As the number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) increases, so might their issues and impacts on the power system performance. Toward eliminating the negative impacts of PEVs on the power system, installation of a charging controller at customers' homes, which addresses such issues and brings convenience for customers, is fundamentally required in the smart grid era. This paper develops a novel in-home PEV charge/discharge scheduling method that employs vehicle-to-home (V2H) capability to schedule level of charging/discharging at each time slot. In doing so, a household controller minimizes customer payment cost and reliability cost. The proposed charging algorithm not only responds to... 

Demand response (DR) as a state-of-the-art program is accommodated in the energy efficiency contexts of the smart grid. Lack of the customer knowledge about how to respond to the time-differentiated tariffs and offered controlling signals is the major obstacle in the way of broad DR implementing. As a solution, an optimization method, namely load control (LC), is proposed to automatically control the on/off status of the responsive appliances in a smart home. This paper focuses on the direct load control (DLC) program in the category of incentive-based DR programs. LC is extended to consider inconvenience cost of the DLC implementation for DLC program participants. Outputs of the extended LC...