Sharif Digital Repository

In modern wireless near-filed power and data telemetry systems such as Implantable Medical Devices (IMD), a data rate of several Mbps is required, while the power carrier frequency is limited to few MHz. Therefore, bit rate is comparable to carrier frequency, and the modulated power carrier signal has amplitude, frequency, or phase variation in every cycle. In this paper a very fast amplitude shift keying (ASK) demodulator circuit is presented. The proposed demodulator is able to demodulate a cycle by cycle ASK modulated signal, and a data-rate-to-carrier (DRC) ratio of 100% is achievable. The circuit extracts the clock by limiting the incoming ASK signal. Cycle by cycle demodulation is done... 

This paper presents a cycle by cycle Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) demodulator, able to demodulate a FSK signal with 1% frequency modulation index (MI), in a single cycle. Based on the proposed demodulation scheme, a high rate data transmission link can be established through a high-Q inductive coupling link, breaking the basic tradeoff between the power transfer efficiency (PTE) and data rate in single carrier wireless power and data transfer systems. Designed and simulated with 0.18μ m CMOS process, the proposed FSK demodulator, detects successfully a 5Mbps data with a carrier frequency of 5MHz. A test chip is fabricated in 180nm CMOS technology. Measurement results shows that the... 

A communication system incorporating a bit rate limiter (BRL) device is analyzed using recently proposed statistical models for power splitters and combiners. We also consider the possible optical attenuation and amplification before and after BRL device. We obtain the total output moment generating function (MGF) of the number of photoelectrons at the receiver end for two possible synchronization procedures. Furthermore, we use saddle-point approximation method to evaluate the system performance considering the effects of shot-noise, thermal noise, and source extinction ratio  

In this paper, we present a thorough analysis based on photon-counting techniques on temporal/spatial fiber-optic code-division multiple-access systems incorporating both post- and pre-optical amplifiers. In this analysis, we consider the effect of shot noise, thermal noise, and source extinction on system bit-error rate. Our results can be used to estimate the maximum tolerable amount of quantum fluctuations in the received signal  

In this paper, we study and elaborate on the architectural consideration of using multiple optical amplifiers in an all-optical fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (FO-CDMA) network. Our study and considerations are based on obtaining the statistical characteristic functions for photon-counts of a string of output pulses that constitutes the address code in a FO-CDMA network. Optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) with minimum auto- and cross correlation are employed as the address or signature sequence codes. Our analysis is based on chip-synchronous interference only, which provides an upper bound on the system performance. Shot noise, thermal noise, and extinction ratio are considered in... 

In this paper, we present a new methodology for analysis of all-optical fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (FO-CDMA) networks. In this analysis, we propose statistical models, based on photon-counting techniques, for some basic elements of the network, such as splitters, combiners, star couplers, and FO-CDMA passive encoders/decoders. By following the statistical variation of the photon-count of the string of pulses that constitutes the address sequence in an FO-CDMA network, we will be able to reveal the quantum-limited optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) required at the transmitter output to meet the performance limits. Moreover, considering receiver thermal noise and source... 

Binary blends of recycled high-density polyethylene (R-HDPE) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET) and recycled polystyrene (R-PS), as well as the ternary blends, i.e. R-HDPE/R-PET/R-PS, with varying amounts of the constituents were prepared by twin screw extruder. The mechanical, rheological, thermal, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were utilized to characterize the samples. The results revealed that both R-HDPE/R-PET and R-HDPE/R-PS blends show phase inversion but at different compositions. The R-PET was found to have much higher influence on the properties enhancement of the R-HDPE compared to R-PS, but at the phase inverted situation, a significant loss in the tensile... 

Applicable in numerous fields, low-cost micro-electromechanical system inertial measurement units often require on-sight calibration by the end user due to the existence of systematic errors. A 9-degrees of freedom inertial measurement unit comprises a tri-axis accelerometer, a tri-axis gyroscope, and a tri-axis magnetometer. Various proposed multi-position calibration methods can calibrate tri-axis accelerometers and magnetometers to a degree. Yet the full calibration of a tri-axis gyroscope and axis alignment of all the sensors still often requires equipment such as a rate table to generate a priori known angular velocities and attitudes or relies on the disturbance-prone magnetometer... 

Inspired by algorithms utilized in inertial navigation, an inertial motion capturing algorithm capable of position and heading estimation is introduced. The fusion algorithm is capable of real-time link geometry estimation, which allows for the imposition of biomechanical constraints without a priori knowledge regarding sensor placements. Furthermore, the algorithm estimates gyroscope and accelerometer bias, scaling, and non-orthogonality parameters in real-time. The stationary phases of the links, during which pseudo-measurements such as zero velocity or heading stabilization updates are applied, are detected using optically trained neural networks with buffered accelerometer and gyroscope... 

Localization-capable inertial motion capture algorithms rely on zero-velocity updates (ZUPT), usually as measurements in a Kalman filtering scheme, for position and attitude error control. As ZUPTs are only applicable during the static phases a link goes through, estimation errors grow during dynamic ones. This error growth may somewhat be mitigated by imposing biomechanical constraints in multi-sensor systems. Error reduction is also possible by optimization-based methods that incorporate the dynamic and static constraints governing the system behavior over a period of time (e.g. the dynamic network algorithm); when this period includes multiple static phases for a link, its estimation... 

In this paper, we study the recovery of a certain type of shape images modeled as binary-valued images from few Fourier samples. In particular, the boundary of the shapes is assumed to be the zero level-set of a trigonometric curve. This problem was previously considered in [1], and it was shown that such images can be studied withing the framework of signals with finite rate of innovation. In particular, an annihilation filter is introduced to recover the trigonometric boundary curve. It is proved in [1] that 3Λ Fourier samples are sufficient to exactly recover the edges of a binary shape, where Λ is the bandwith of the trigonometric boundary curve. In this paper, we introduce a class of... 

In this paper, a class of uncertain piecewise affine (PWA) systems, subject to system and measurement external disturbances are studied. The uncertainties are assumed to be norm bounded and the external disturbance signals belong to the L2 space. The problem of optimizing the system response in the H?sense, by means of a piecewise affine observer-controller, is formulated as an optimization problem subject to a number of constraints in the form of matrix inequalities. The derived constraints are obtained by considering a partially piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function in combination with the general conditions for H?stability. Then the uncertain PWA approximation of the nonlinear attitude... 

In this paper, a class of uncertain piecewise affine (PWA) systems, subject to system and measurement additive noises is studied. The additive noise signals considered here do not vanish at the equilibrium and the uncertainties are norm bounded. The problem of minimizing the bound on the variance of the steady response of uncertain PWA systems, by means of a hybrid observer-controller, is formulated as an optimization problem subject to a number of constraints in the form of matrix inequalities. The derived constraints are obtained by considering a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function in combination with the general stability conditions regarding the existence of an upper stochastic bound... 

The densification response of aluminum powder reinforced with 5 vol.% nanometric alumina particles (35 nm) during uniaxial compaction in a rigid die was studied. The composite powder was prepared by blending and mechanical milling procedures. To determine the effect of the reinforcement nanoparticles on the compressibility of aluminum powder, monolithic Al powder, i.e. without the addition of alumina, was also examined. It was shown that at the early stage of compaction when the rearrangement of particles is the dominant mechanism of the densification, disintegration of the nanoparticle clusters and agglomerates under the applied load contributes in the densification of the composite powder... 

Nanostructured W-20 wt% Cu composite powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) in an Attritor ball mill. The morphological changes and structural evolution of the composite powder during MA was studied by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), laser particle size analyzer (LPS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometery (AAS), and the bulk powder density measurement. The results were compared with those obtained from attrition milling of monolithic W and Cu powders processed at the same condition. Whereas the milling mechanism of the monolithic powders follow the ductile (for Cu)... 

In this paper, an introduction of the finite element approach to microstructure based modelling is provided, and the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings of A356 alloy in the solidification process are simulated. The simulated results of dendrite morphology and the experimental measurements are presented and compared with the investigations of other researchers, which confirmed the accuracy of this model in its ability to predict the dendrite arm spacing. Each of the length scales, including silicon rod diameter and spacing, is discussed in detail. Analytical equations are generated for the length scales and incorporated in the Sharif University Technology academic software for the... 

The aim of this study was to develop a predictive method for heat transfer coefficients in solar water heaters and their performance evaluation of such heaters with different materials used as heat collectors. Two approaches have been used: conventional method and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the performance of solar water heaters and to compare these two approaches. This performance is measured in terms of outlet temperature by using a set of conventional feed forward multi-layer neural networks. The actual experimental data which were used as our network's input gathered from published literature (for polypropylene tubes) and from the experiments carried out recently using... 

Fatigue behavior of quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates were studied, using six stacking sequences. Experimental results show that there is a significant stacking sequence effect on monotonic and cyclic performance of laminates. Though by changing the stacking sequence the difference between failure strength of the strongest and weakest lay-ups reaches only to ∼ 12 %, the difference between fatigue lives (cycles to failure) increased ∼ 1000% in some loading regions. In addition, both linear and sigmoidal functions were examined to model the fatigue life behavior  

This paper presents experimental results on the synthesis of nanostructured aluminium matrix nanocomposite powders by comilling of nanoscaled SiC and Al2O3 particles and micrometric aluminium powder. The effect of the nanometric reinforcement particles on the mechanical milling (MA) process of the soft matrix was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, laser particle size analyser and standard metallographic techniques. It was found that at the early stage of milling, the nanoparticles are smeared on the surface of the aluminium powder and thus do not significantly contribute in the MA process. As the milling continues, the hard... 

In this paper, an extensive experimental tests were performed to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil undergoing static, dynamic pitch, dynamic plunge and dynamic combined pitch and plunge motions for various cases. This paper, however, focuses on the effects of reduced frequencies and mean angles of attack on the surface pressure distribution and on the corresponding lift of the airfoil oscillating in either pure pitch or in combined pitch–plunge motions. The angles of attack variations were set such that the model motion would be ceased lower than the static stall, near the static stall and beyond the static stall angles of attack. All tests were conducted at a constant...