Sharif Digital Repository

The response of a rod-stabilized, V-shaped, premixed flame to upstream velocity and equivalence ratio perturbations was characterized as a function of excitation frequency. The response of the flame to equivalence ratio perturbations was calculated, assuming that the heat release response is controlled by contributions from three disturbances. These disturbances include flame speed, heat of reaction and flame area. Using an analytical model, based on linearization of the front tracking equation for inclined flames, the kinematics of a V-flame anchored on a central obstacle was investigated and its response was compared with that of a conical flame. The results suggest that the phase response... 

The use of adjusted/optimized saline water categorized into two different classes namely smart water (SW) and low salinity (LoSal) water injection has been proposed for more oil recovery from specific types of oil reservoirs. There are possible mechanisms concerning SW flooding that have been proposed in the literature, some of them are still subject to more examination. In this study, an experimental investigation is performed to determine the influence of type and amount of salt to the surface properties including interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle (CA) of aqueous solution + acidic and asphaltenic crude oil + carbonate rock systems. For this purpose, the concentration of different... 

Gas injection process for more oil recovery and in particular CO2 injection is well-established method to increment oil recovery from underground oil reservoirs. CO2 sequestration which takes place during this enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method has positive impact on reducing the greenhouse gas emission which causes global warming. Direct gas injection into depleted oil reservoirs, encounters several shortcomings such as low volumetric sweep efficiency, early breakthrough (BT) and high risk of gas leakage in naturally fractured carbonate oil reservoirs. Carbonated water injection (CWI) has been recently proposed as an alternative method to alleviate the problems associated with gas... 

This study investigates dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) of acidic crude oil (ACO) and non acidic/basic crude oils (BCO) + deionized water (DW) as a function of pressure from 500 to 4000 psi, and temperature from 30 to 80 °C using an axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) technique. DIFTs are also modeled using dynamic adsorption model, mono-exponential decay model, and empirical equations. The results showed that if a reduction in the surface excess concentration due to increasing temperature overlooks the total entropy of the molecules in the system, an increase in IFT would be expected  

The concerns for water availability, affordability and environmental consideration have motivated more research on the development of smart water injection for enhanced oil recovery process. Although wettability alteration has been considered as the dominant mechanism, there is an ample space in this area needs to be explored more. Therefore, a systematic series of experiments is designed and performed to examine the effect of salinity and ion type on the wettability of the carbonate rock surface to find the active mechanisms. For this purpose, the concentrations of different salts including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 are examined during 10 days of soaking for salts concentrations range of... 

Due to increasing demand for natural gas, storage plan development in order to cope with seasonal gas fluctuations and ensure constant gas supply during a year, has recently become highly indispensable. However, developing underground gas storage (UGS) facility is so costly which may sometimes discourage the investment.One of the main cost items while fulfilling a UGS project can be attributed to cushion gas; this is part of gas inventory which remainspermanently in the storage field in order to maintain pressure and provide adequate deliverability rate during production cycles.For this reason, UGS in low quality gas reservoirs has been recentlyproposed. In such a case, native reservoir gas... 

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are mostly based on different phenomena taking place at the interfaces between fluid–fluid and rock–fluid phases. Over the last decade, carbonated water injection (CWI) has been considered as one of the multi-objective EOR techniques to store CO2 in the hydrocarbon bearing formations as well as improving oil recovery efficiency. During CWI process, as the reservoir pressure declines, the dissolved CO2 in the oil phase evolves and gas nucleation phenomenon would occur. As a result, it can lead to oil saturation restoration and subsequently, oil displacement due to the hysteresis effect. At this condition, CO2 would act as in-situ dissolved gas into the oil... 

In this work, the 3D proton dose profile is calculated in a homogenous water phantom using a Monte Carlo application developed with the Geant4 toolkit. The effect of the ridge filter material (for SOBP widths of 6, 9 and 12 cm) on the homogeneity of the dose distribution, secondary neutron production and beam efficiency are investigated in a single ring wobbling irradiation system. The energy spectrum of secondary neutrons per primary proton at various locations around the phantom surface is calculated. The simulation revealed that most of the produced neutrons are released at slight angles which enable them to reach the patient and consequently to be hazardous. Also, the homogeneity of the... 

Based on the determination of protons fluence at the phantom's surface, a 3D dose distribution is calculated inside a water phantom using a fast method. The dose contribution of secondary particles, originating from inelastic nuclear interactions, is also taken into account. This is achieved by assuming that 60% of the energy transferred to secondary particles is locally absorbed. Secondary radiation delivers approximately 16.8% of the total dose in the plateau region of the Bragg curve for monoenergetic protons of energy 190 MeV. The physical dose beyond the Bragg peak is obtained for a proton beam of 190 MeV using a Geant4 simulation. It is found that the dose beyond the Bragg peak is <... 

In this paper, we consider the multi-product multi-constraint newsboy problem with random fuzzy demands and total discount. The demand of the products is often stochastic in the real word but the estimation of the parameters of distribution function may be done by fuzzy manner. So an appropriate option to modeling the demand of products is using the random fuzzy variable. The objective function of proposed model is to maximize the expected profit of newsboy. We consider the constraints such as warehouse space and restriction on quantity order for products, and restriction on budget. We also consider the batch size for products order. Finally we introduce a random fuzzy multi-product...