Sharif Digital Repository

The photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) using TiO2 particles immobilized on a fiberglass cloth was investigated in a novel design of a photo-impinging stream reactor. A spray painted method has been used for the coating process. The structural properties of the immobilized sample were examined using X-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The photocatalytic degradation results showed the good performance of the reactor. The flow regime within the reactor was characterized and modeled by applying a liquid residence time distribution. A compartment model consisting of four continuous stirred regions was assigned to describe the flow pattern in the reactor. A... 

A special type of shell structure - a concrete shallow funicular shell of circular plan - is considered in this paper. Funicular shells carry their dead weight only by in-plane compression forces. Numerical analysis of funicular shells was performed using the non-linear finite-element method, considering both geometric and material non-linearities. A circular-plan concrete funicular shell unit was also constructed and its ultimate central concentrated load is determined. The ultimate load of the shell unit predicted by the numerical model was very close to the experimentally determined ultimate load, thus confirming the validity of the numerical model. The numerical results revealed the... 

This paper considers a realistic multi-service system design problem in which each service type is a stochastic sequence of services provided by different units of facilities where each facility is modeled as a set of open Jackson queueing networks. The problem is first formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model, which is further simplified to a model with a smaller number of constraints. Three exact solution methods are applied to solve the amended model. The first one is a cutting-plane method, which is based on a piecewise-linear approximation. The second is based on a mixed-integer linear programming formulation, which is enhanced by valid inequalities. The third is to use... 

One of the underlying factors in the conservation and development of urban green spaces is the available water resources use for green areas in each region. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the integration of a proper simulation method for runoff along with AHP-PROMETHEE decision-making method for water resources management in urban basins. The application of this approach was investigated in the city Buin Zahra of Qazvin Province of Iran. In the first step by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the available water resources in the case study were weighted. In the second step, the water resources of the municipal and residential wells and water collected by... 

In this paper, a method for overtaking stationary and moving obstacles will be introduced. The method consists of designing a desired trajectory for lateral motion of the vehicle and then using a lateral motion controller for tracking this desired trajectory. The desired trajectory is a sigmoid exponential function of relative distance between the vehicle and the obstacle and guarantees overtaking the obstacle, if tracked exactly, despite of lateral and longitudinal motions of the obstacle. Lateral acceleration of the vehicle should not exceed safety limits during tracking desired trajectory. This matter has been used as a decision criterion for determining feasible and unfeasible desired... 

One of the most important capabilities expected from an autonomous vehicle is avoiding collision with obstacles in its path. For this purpose, autonomous vehicle must be able to perform an emergency maneuver as soon as the obstacle is detected. This paper presents a method for designing and performing an emergency maneuver in order to avoid collision with a fixed or moving obstacle in the path. A sinusoidal or exponential trajectory, which is a function of the relative distance between vehicle and obstacle, is designed as the desired trajectory for lateral motion of the vehicle. A sliding mode controller is designed in order to guarantee that the vehicle tracks that desired trajectory. The... 

One of the underlying factors in the conservation and development of urban green spaces is the available water resources use for green areas in each region. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the integration of a proper simulation method for runoff along with AHP-PROMETHEE decision-making method for water resources management in urban basins. The application of this approach was investigated in the city Buin Zahra of Qazvin Province of Iran. In the first step by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the available water resources in the case study were weighted. In the second step, the water resources of the municipal and residential wells and water collected by... 

Outpatient appointment scheduling problems have recently gained increasing attention. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent analytical and numerical optimization studies that present decision-support tools for designing and planning outpatient appointment systems (OASs). A structure for organizing the recent literature according to various criteria is provided, including a framework that classifies decisions at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The OAS literature is evaluated from four perspectives: problem settings, environmental factors, modeling approaches, and solution methods. In addition, research gaps and areas of opportunity for future research are... 

The sustainable retrofit options may significantly improve the energy consumption and the environmental impacts of the existing buildings. This paper presents a multi objective optimization framework to reach the minimum economic costs and Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact of existing buildings. New energy-efficient technologies for the supply side of the energy system are considered which may minimize life cycle environmental impacts of buildings. Two educational buildings in the campus of Sharif University of Technology are studied. The results show that utilizing reciprocating engine and exhaust-fired absorption chiller reduce the GWP to 133 tons (17.79% of reduction) and 190 tones... 

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a new bio-electrochemical technique which converts chemical energy into electrical energy, and at the same time desalinates water and treats wastewater. In this study, MDC performance and water biofouling conditions were tested as an efficient pretreatment desalination process of reverse osmosis (RO). The experiments were designed in a three-chamber reactor to compare the performance of batch and continuous fed modes, using bio-cathode and synthetic wastewater in four different hydraulic retention times and 17 and 35 g/L NaCl concentrations. According to the results, maximum salt removal of about 52.3% was obtained in the continuously fed MDC at 35 g/L... 

This study evaluates the effectiveness of adsorption process by Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) compared with a novel formulation of coagulation - flocculation process for dye removal from textile wastewater. In this regard, acidic, reactive, disperse and direct red dye are used to prepare the synthetic dye. Dominant wave length for each dye is determined by spectrophotometeric method. Using GAC as adsorbent, equilibrium time and adsorption isotherm of each dye are determined with aid of spectrophotometric method. The results show that GAC can not remove dispersed red dye. Acidic red, direct red and reactive red of 5 mg/L concentration are removed by GAC up to %90, %88 and %43 in 30, 60 and... 

Dynamic hydrosalinity models are available, but are not used extensively on a large scale soil which receives wastewater from industrial areas, partly because adequate database are expensive to be obtained. Thus, for this reason, there is an urgent need to assess the salt and other pollutant loads collected in wastewater flows into the soil and/ or ground water systems. A conceptual hydrosalinity model was used on two major underlying principals of mass balance and steady state. This model was initially tested on the 4,117 km2 plains west of the Yazd-Ardakan district in the central part of Iran. This model was used at a time when the soil and ground water salinity problem was serious due to... 

Conventional wastewater treatment processes are not completely effective in removing vancomycin. In this study, affecting parameters on vancomycin degradation, such as pH, catalyst, initial vancomycin concentration, temperature, and reaction time were investigated simultaneously during a removal process based on titanium dioxide with ultraviolet irradiation in an aqueous solution. Titanium dioxide was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The average size of the synthesized crystals was 4.7 (± 0.2) nm. Design of experiments was done by a central composite design based on the response surface methodology and multiple linear regression was...