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The aim of this chapter is to review various perspectives on supply chain (SC) coordination issues and appreciate a range of coordination categories and mechanisms. The application of information technology in supply chain coordination (SCC) and the related cases are also studied in this chapter  

In this paper, we consider a dual-sourcing model with constant demand and stochastic lead times. Two suppliers may be different in terms of purchasing prices and lead-time parameters. The ordering takes place when the inventory level depletes to a reorder level, and the order is split among two suppliers. Unlike previous works in the order splitting literature, the supply lead time between vendor and buyer as well as unit purchasing prices is considered to be order quantity dependent. The proposed model finds out the optimal reorder point, order quantity and splitting proportion, using a solution procedure. Numerical results show that neglecting the relationship between ordering batch size... 

This paper considers the problem of a vendor-buyer integrated production-inventory model. The vendor manufactures the item at a finite rate and delivers the final goods at a lot-for-lot shipment policy to the buyer. We relax the assumption of uniform demand in the hitherto existing joint economic lot sizing models and analyze the problem where the end customer demand is price-sensitive. The relation between demand and price is considered to be linear. The model proposed, based on the integrated expected total relevant profits of both buyer and vendor, finds out the optimal values of order quantity and mark-up percentage, using an analytical approach. Some numerical examples are also used to... 

Scheduling projects incorporated with materials ordering results in a more realistic problem. This paper deals with the combined problem of project scheduling and material ordering. The purpose of this paper is to minimize the total cost of this problem by determining the optimal values of activity duration, activity finish time and the material ordering schedule subject to constraints. We employ a genetic algorithm approach to solve it. Elements of the algorithm, such as chromosome structure, unfitness function, crossover, mutation and local search operations are explained. The results of the experimentation are quite satisfactory  

In this paper we focus on a two-stage supply chain consisting of one vendor and one buyer. We develop an integrated production-inventory-marketing model to determine the relevant profit-maximizing decision variable values. The model proposed is based on the joint total profit of both the vendor and the buyer, and it finds out the optimal ordering, shipment and pricing policies. We are able to ascertain the optimal decision variable values employing an analytical solution procedure. The numerical evidence suggests that it is more beneficial for the buyer and the vendor to cooperate with each other when the demand is more price sensitive. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved  

This paper presents a single-vendor, single-buyer integrated inventory model. We relax the assumption of deterministic lead-time in the hitherto existing joint economic lot sizing (JELS) models and analyze the problem where the buyer lead-time is a stochastic variable. Moreover, we consider the situation in which shortage is allowed. The vendor produces the product in batches and periodically delivers final goods at a fixed lot size to the customer, who has a constant demand rate. The proposed model, based on the integrated expected total relevant costs of both buyer and vendor finds out optimal values of reorder point, order quantity, and number of shipments, using a solution procedure.... 

Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is developed and maintained by the Supply Chain Council (SCC). The model is a reference model which can be used to map, benchmark and improve the supply chain operations. SCOR model provides companies with a basic process modeling tool, an extensive benchmark database and defines a set of supply chain metrics. Mobarakeh Steel Company (located in Isfahan, Iran) initiated the project of studying and analyzing its supply chain performance based on the SCOR model. This paper explains the steps and the results of the project. Interviews with the managers and considering the documents on the four major subjects of planning, logistics, information flow... 

This paper develops an approach to determine the optimal production and shipment policy for an integrated vendor-buyer problem. The vendor manufactures the product in batches at a finite rate and ships the output to the buyer. All shipments to the buyer are equal-sized batches. Despite previous papers in the literature, we assume that the supply lead-time between vendor and buyer is stochastic and shortage is also allowed. The objective is to minimize the expected total cost of both buyer and vendor. We derive the expected annual integrated total cost function and propose an analytic solution procedure to determine the optimal policy. To illustrate the significance of cost-reduction of the... 

We develop an integrated vendor-buyer model for a two-stage supply chain. The vendor manufactures the product and delivers it in a number of equal-sized batches to the buyer. The items delivered are presented to the end customers in a display area. Demand is assumed to be positively dependent on the amount of items displayed. The objective is to maximize total supply chain profit. The numerical analysis shows that buyer-vendor coordination is more profitable in situations when demand is more stock dependent. It also shows that the effect of double marginalization provides a link between the non-coordinated and the coordinated case  

Machine learning algorithms often suffer from good generalization in testing domains especially when the training (source) and test (target) domains do not have similar distributions. To address this problem, several domain adaptation techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of the learning algorithms when they face accuracy degradation caused by the domain shift problem. In this paper, we focus on the non-homogeneous distributed target domains and propose a new latent subdomain discovery model to divide the target domain into subdomains while adapting them. It is expected that applying adaptation on subdomains increase the rate of detection in comparing with the situation... 

A pH-responsive drug delivery system based on core shell structure of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) and chitosan-PEG copolymer was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-resolution transmission microscope (HR-TEM) techniques. In order to improve compatibility MSN and drug, mesoporous nanosilica was modified by 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The release of erythromycin (a macrolide antibiotic) as a model drug was investigated in two pHs, 7.4 and 5.5