Fabrication and Characterization of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Using Nickel Oxide as Hole Transporting Layer

, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology Saki, Zahra (Author) ; Taghavinia, Nima (Supervisor)

Abstract

In this research, we study and optimize the inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using nano layers of NiOx and Li:NiOx as hole transporting layers (HTLs) and nano layers of PC70BM and C60 as electron transporting layers (ETLs). We fabricated inverted PSCs with three different HTLs, namely MoOx, PEDOT:PSS and NiOx, using vapor assisted solution processed (VASP) method for making MAPbI3 perovskite which yielded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1%, 1.93% and 3.65%, respectively. Solution-processed deposition method, high transparency (˃90%) and high band gap (3.9 eV) are the most advantages to use NiOx as HTL in current research. Using lithium as dopant to the NiOx increases the...

Capture, Processing and Transmitting Images From Downhole Camera

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Saki, Mohammad (Author) ; Movahedian, Hamid (Supervisor)

Abstract

The goal of this project, has been designing a downhole camera, which captures images from environment of a well and transmits that to the surface. High temperature and pressure of well environment and corrosion and limitation in data transmission rate which is because of mono conductor cable, are the challenges of designing this system. For doing that, first, the principles of image compression are explained. Then, based on that, an image compression system based on wavelet transform has been designed. Its components are examined too. For making the introduced system resistant to the high pressure and temperature, using an isolated case is suggested. For implementation, an...

Possible Impacts of Telework Initiated by COVID-19 Outbreak on Teleworkers’ Psychological Well-being: A Qualitative Study

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Saki, Mana (Author) ; Alavi, Babak (Supervisor)

Abstract

This research explores the impacts of the telework initiated by the outbreak of COVID-19, which is being called “emergent telework” in this research, on psychological well-being of teleworkers. As for the nature of emergent telework which is a new and unique phenomenon, a qualitative research is conducted. In order to do so, 15 in-depth interviews were held with employees from product teams of 11 organizations, and the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. General conditions of teleworking are identified in two categories named as “not working adjacent to coworkers” and “being away from the physical environment of the workplace”. Emergent telework, alongside the general...

Investigation of The Treatment of Wastewater Containing Antibiotics by Using MBBR

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Saki, Abbas (Author) ; Borghei, Mehdi (Supervisor)

Abstract

Antibiotic medications are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Since these drugs are extremely dangerous to the environment and specially to drinking water for humans and other organisms, the need to treat these wastewater is becoming increasingly important. One of the most commonly used antibiotics is oxytetracycline which is used for a wide range of infectious diseases Husbandry wastewater is one of the wastewaters that contains high diversity and large amounts of antibiotics. In this study, the performance of a Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was investigated for removal of oxytetracycline from synthetic wastewater with similar characteristics to Husbandry wastewater. A...

Optimal Trajectory Planning for Aircraft Microgravity Atmospheric Maneuver

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Saki, Reza (Author) ; Pourtakdoust, Hossein (Supervisor)

Abstract

The purpose of the current study is to design an optimal trajectory and control for an aircraft to perform a microgravity maneuver automatically. This subject is by itself an important research topic that has not yet been attempted via optimal control formulation and modelling. Space stations are commonly utilized to conduct long-term microgravity research. Unfortunately utility of space stations to perform space based microgravity experiments is expensive and inaccessible for many researchers and scientific institutions. However, since many experiments requiring microgravity conditions can be performed in short time intervals, there is a possibility to meet their demand via optimal...

The effect of lithium doping in solution-processed nickel oxide films for perovskite solar cells

, Article ChemPhysChem ; Volume 20, Issue 24 , 2019 , Pages 3322-3327 ; 14394235 (ISSN) Saki, Z ; Sveinbjornsson, K ; Boschloo, G ; Taghavinia, N ; Sharif University of Technology

Wiley-VCH Verlag 2019

Abstract

The effect of substitutional Li doping into NiOx hole transporting layer (HTL) for use in inverted perovskite solar cells was systematically studied. Li doped NiOx thin films with preferential crystal growth along the (111) plane were deposited using a simple solution-based process. Mott-Schottky analysis showed that hole carrier concentration (NA) is doubled by Li doping. Utilizing 4 % Li in NiOx improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar devices from 9.0 % to 12.6 %. Photoluminescence quenching investigations demonstrate better hole capturing properties of Li:NiOx compared to that of NiOx, leading to higher current densities by Li doping. The electrical conductivity of NiOx is...

Solution-processed perovskite thin-films: The journey from lab: The large-scale solar cells

, Article Energy and Environmental Science ; Volume 14, Issue 11 , 2021 , Pages 5690-5722 ; 17545692 (ISSN) Saki, Z ; Byranvand, M. M ; Taghavinia, N ; Kedia, M ; Saliba, M ; Sharif University of Technology

Royal Society of Chemistry 2021

Abstract

In the last decade, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the lab-scale has reached an incredible level of 25.5%. Generally, PSCs are composed of a stack consisting of a perovskite thin-film sandwiched between an electron transporting layer (ETL) and a hole transporting layer (HTL). Although the quality of the ETL and HTL interfaces with the perovskite thin-film is important, the quality of the perovskite thin-film is also critical to achieving high-performance PSCs. Low-temperature deposition of organic-inorganic perovskite thin-films by simple solution processes is one of the significant advantages of PSCs compared to other...

High Saline Water Treatment by the Process of Membrane Distillation Combined with Solar Energy

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Shokrollahi, Milad (Author) ; Rajabi, Abbas (Supervisor) ; Musavi, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

In this study, membrane distillation process was used for treatment of high salinity waters. The focus of this study is to simulate and build a setup of membrane distillation process. Since the membrane distillation process is based on the driving force of the temperature difference, the required temperature is provided by both the use of heaters and the use of solar energy. To increase the feed temperature by solar energy, a black polymer coating on the main membrane is used. The main membrane used in this process is PVDF polymer and the polymer coated on the surface is the PAN polymer. After simulating and constructing the laboratory setup, the influence of a variety of parameters on the...

Modified antisolvent method for improving the performance and stability of triple-cation perovskite solar cells

, Article ACS Omega ; Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2021 , Pages 172-179 ; 24701343 (ISSN) Samadpour, M ; Golchini, A ; Abdizadeh, K ; Heydari, M ; Forouzandeh, M ; Saki, Z ; Taghavinia, N ; Sharif University of Technology

American Chemical Society 2021

Abstract

Antisolvent crystallization is known as an effective approach for the deposition of pinhole-free solution-processed perovskite layers for high-performance solar cells. Here, we introduce a modified antisolvent dripping method by adding tetra ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) into chlorobenzene as a conventional antisolvent. Through TEOS modification, perovskite solar cells show efficiencies as high as 16% with more than 85% retention after 290 h storage at ambient conditions in comparison to 20% in pristine cells. This significant enhancement in efficiency and stability mainly related to the decrement of the density of surface defects, which is confirmed by considerably enhanced photoluminescence...

Mathematical Modeling of Diffusion in Fractured Media for Gas Injection

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Saki, Mohammad (Author) ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor) ; Shadizadeh, Reza (Supervisor) ; Ayatollahi, Shahabeddin (Co-Advisor)

Abstract

It is common to inject gas in naturally fractured reservoirs to maintain the reservoir pressure. Recovery will be the result of the complex interplay of several mechanisms such as viscous flow, extraction by molecular diffusion, gravity drainage, oil swelling and capillary force. Generally the main mechanism is gravity drainage However in many cases like low permeability of matrix, small matrix block size and high capillary pressure; gravity drainage may be very low or ineffective. Low permeability results inefficient viscous displacement too. Therefore in these cases the main mechanism is diffusion. The parameters influences the diffusion are: The nature of the injected gas, the composition...

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology (Author) ; Akbarzadeh, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

FGM sheets with component or grain size gradient in their thickness direction provide mechanical and physical gradient properties through ND direction. FGMs are fabricated by various methods including centrifugal casting, powder metallurgy, PVD and CVD,all of which suffer from some shortcomings such as porosity of the products, low rate and high cost of production and restrictions on mass production. In this study, 2 and 4 layered Al matrix FGM sheets containing SiC and Al2O3 powders were fabricated by laminating method of Accumulative Roll Bonding(ARB). Two approaches of stacking were chosen as accumulative coupled roll bonding (ACRB) and (ASRB) for initial roll bonding and subsequent...

A conductive adhesive ink for carbon-laminated perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and high efficiency

, Article Solar Energy ; Volume 266 , 2023 ; 0038092X (ISSN) Baghestani, E ; Tajabadi, F ; Saki, Z ; Heidariramsheh, M ; Ghasemi, F ; Darbari, S ; Mashhoun, S ; Taghavinia, N ; Sharif University of Technology

Elsevier Ltd 2023

Abstract

Utilizing carbon-laminated electrodes on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) benefits from simple fabrication process and low-cost material, in addition to enhanced stability. In this method, carbon foils are laminated on the underlying hole transport layer (HTL), so the HTL/carbon electrode interface is of the utmost importance in achieving high-performance devices. Here, we develop a conductive adhesive ink, consisting of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), highly conductive carbon black (HCCB), and CuInS2 (CIS) nanoparticles, as the interfacial adhesive layer between the underlying CIS HTL and the top carbon electrode. Utilizing carbon foil, wetted by the proposed optimized adhesive ink layer,...

Deposition of Ceramic Nanoparticles on Aluminum Sheet by Air Gun Spraying for ARB Processing of Nanocomposite Sheets

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Keramat, Ehsan (Author) ; Akbarzadeh, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

Particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites have considerable attraction in automotive and aerospace industries due to their special properties as light weight, high ratio of strength/density, improved elastic modulus, low coefficient of thermal expansion and high wear and corrosion resistance. Among the production processes of metal matrix composites, accumulative roll bonding process has particular importance due to producing ultrafine grained composite sheets. However, uncontrolled and undesired agglomeration of particles is the main problem in producing these composites. In this research, the Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles were electrostatically stabilized against agglomeration by...

Make Policy for Optimizing Iran Gas Export

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Alvandi, Mehdi (Author) ; Maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

This project examines four alternatives such as pipelines, oil injection wells, LNG & GTL in the purpose of Iran gas utilization. In this Project four strategies using cost/benefit analysis are examined. For this purpose, at first the cost of inlet feed gas per Mmbtu are calculated. Then regarding various scenarios of average world gas prices for the following thirty years, the cost & benefit of any way will be counted. Then with the use of energy security, the project will make energy policy. For this purpose, Shannon indicator will be used as one of the most reliable indicators. Due to the of use this indicator, the popular project will be chosen accordingly as a certain amount of gas the...

Diffusion of Lipid and Protein Molecules in Cell Membranes

, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology Khoshnood, Atefeh (Author) ; Jalali, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

Lipid membranes are fundamental constituents of cell membranes and are now used in lap-on-a-chip technology. Membranes in living cells contain a significant fraction of proteins, which undergo lateral random movements due to thermal fluctuations and shear forces imposed by the solvent fluid. Prominent natural and biotechnological systems where membranes are highly sheared include the plasma membrane of endothelial cells, and membranes used in biosensors for high throughput screening of drug candidates, and in water purification devices. In these systems membrane is in direct contact with the mainstream suspension flow, which is driven by pressure gradients. The efficiency and function of...

Hot Workability of a Free-cutting Steel with Severe Sulfur Segregation During Continuous Casting

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Naghdy, Soroosh (Author) ; Akbarzadeh, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

Splitting in ingot cast structures and transverse cracks in continuous cast structures are the main problems of hot rolling of low carbon resulfurized free-cutting (LCRF) steels. Presence of high volume fraction of manganese sulfide inclusions in cast structure increases the risk of alligatoring in hot rolling. Because of high sulfur content of these steels and probability of formation of low melting point phases, minimum level of manganese and maximum level of copper and tin is necessary. Morphology of manganese sulfide is another important factor in hot forming of these steels, which can be controlled by level of deoxidation in steel making. In fact, MnS2 is present in fully killed...

(Assessing the Role of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology on Iran’s Oncoming Energy System(Technology Deployment Policy Making

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Banan, Zoya (Author) ; Maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

Based on International Energy Agency studies, achievement of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent emission target in global emission means that the CO2 emissions in 2050 must be reduced to %50 of 2005 level, and this implies that a portfolio of emission reduction policies and strategies need to be exploited through current century.
At the present time, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology is a dominant strategy among all the long-term carbon abatement strategies in many countries. Nevertheless, its potential as a climate mitigating option will be proved, only if it is implemented in the countries which are developing at a great pace and taking advantage of fossil fuels in order to afford their...

Development of an Analytical Framework for Evaluation of Climate Change Mitigation Policies on Iran’s Energy Security

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Eshraghi, Hadi (Author) ; Maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

Climate change and energy security are key drivers for future energy policy. While energy security has been a pillar of energy policy for about a century, concern about climate change is more recent and is bound to radically change the landscape of energy policy. Policy makers are now under increasing pressure to address these twin challenges: to develop cost-effective policies that will both ensure the security of our energy system and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Main Effort in this Project is to construct an integrated model of Iran’s energy system to serve as a policy analysis tool, by which policymakers are able to identify the future effects of a wide range of policies in...

Evaluation the Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Parameters on Microstructure and Texture of Electrical Steel for Improving Magnetic Permeability

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Ahmadian, Peyman (Author) ; Akbarzadeh, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

Dependence of some magnetic properties such as core loss and permeability on temper rolling was studied in this thesis. It is shown that with a proper temper rolling sharper textures are obtained in the electrical steel and the magnetic properties in the longitudinal and traverse directions are improved. By texture analysis, it is shown that because of temper rolling, shear strain on the surface of the sheet is the main factor for abnormal grain growth and shear texture formation on the surface. The result of formation of this texture is enhancement of the {100} intensity and reduction of the {111} intensity, leading to the improvement of the permeability. Temper rolling is always...

Risk Management for DG Owners

, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Karimi, Ahmad (Author) ; Rajabi, Abbas (Supervisor)

Abstract

Distributed generation (DG) and its utilization have some benefits and risks for its owner and power network. From owner perspective, benefits of DG include selling energy, reducing costs related to fuel, and other economic benefits. However, there are some risk factors for the owner including risk of supplying fuel, risk of selling generated power, and other risk factors related to establishment of the DG unit. Utilizing risk-reduction tools such as signing agreements for selling power, purchasing fuel, and related economic tools are necessary for risk management of the owners of DG units. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the economic situation of the DG units and optimize the...