Sharif Digital Repository

Cr and Cr-Al2O3 coatings were electrodeposited from Cr(III) bath with both pulsating and direct current onto copper substrates. Pulsating current resulted in homogeneous films of higher Al2O3 content and lower particle agglomeration than the direct current. Differences were more tangible at shorter duty cycles and pulse frequencies. Pulsating current improved both microhardness and corrosion resistance. The presence of alumina nanoparticles resulted in greater current efficiency, higher film microhardness and better corrosion resistance. Maximum current efficiency, highest microhardness and densest electrodeposited coatings were achieved at current density of 20 A dm-2, duty cycle of 40% and... 

The main aim of this study was to improve current efficiency and to obtain thicker coatings via aluminum oxide (Al2O3) addition to the chromium (Cr) (III) bath. Design/methodology/approach ‐ Pure Cr and nanocomposite Cr–Al2O3 coatings were electrodeposited from Cr (III) bath onto cathode copper substrates by conventional method. Dependence of current efficiency to current density, Al2O3 content and particle size were investigated. Findings ‐ Current efficiency increased with Al2O3 amount and decreased with Al2O3 particle size. Maximum current efficiency was achieved at 25 A/dm2 for pure Cr and 30 A/dm2 for composite coatings. Al2O3 bath content, current density and stirring rate increased... 

A two-step pack cementation technique was used to cover nickel-based IN-738LC superalloy with a Cr-aluminide coating layer. The IN-738LC/Cr-aluminide samples were oxidized at 900 °C for 350 and 700 h, isothermally, and 175 and 350 h, cyclically. Each cycle lasted for 25 h. Effects of the isothermal and the cyclic oxidation on (a) morphology, (b) new-phase formation, (c) weight gain, and (d) oxidation reactions were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and weight gain measurements. From results, it was concluded that the oxygen attack was more severe during the cyclic oxidation than the isothermal procedure. Kinetics of the... 

Optimum operating parameters for pulse co-deposition of nano-Al2O3 with Cr from a trivalent chromium bath onto Cu cathode are selected by using “technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution” (TOPSIS), “VIšekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje” (VIKOR), “elimination and choice expressing the reality” (ELECTRE) and “complex proportional assessment” (CORPAS) accompanied with analytic hierarchy processing (AHP) to compare methods for achievement of the best tribological coating performance. Criteria for appropriate selection include wear loss, corrosion resistance, micro-hardness, bath condition and current efficiency. Results ascertain the best Cr–Al2O3 nano-composite coating... 

The effect of NaOH content of electrolyte on the properties of ceramic coatings, produced in silicate solution, was studied. Morphology, chemical analysis, phase composition, and cross-section of the ceramic coatings were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, and OM, respectively. The corrosion resistance and corrosion mechanism were also studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5% NaCl solution. To study the surface roughness, a brightness SEM image analysis method was used. Results suggested that increasing the NaOH concentration of sediment production size causes thickness and coating roughness to decrease. The lowest corrosion rate belonged to... 

Hot corrosion is a serious problem in gas turbines due to poor quality fuels which contain Na, V, S and Cl. To resolve the problem, Cr-aluminide was coated on IN-738LC superalloy with a two steps pack cementation process. Oxidation behavior and near-surface microstructure of the coating showed consecutive increase in destruction by exposition to Na2SO4, 75Na2SO4 + 25 V2O5 and 70Na2SO4 + 25 V2O5 + 5NaCl (wt.%). Kinetic studies indicated parabolic corrosion rate in salt-less samples due to diffusion. Similar expression for salt-covered samples was assessed for oxide dissolution. Plate-like, broken-plate-like and cauliflower-like morphologies attributed to the corrosion products were observed... 

This work describes coating of NiCoCrAlY on IN-738LC superalloy by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Properties of the coatings are significantly influenced by oxygen/fuel ratio and other spraying parameters. The effect of oxygen/fuel ratio on the oxidation behavior, bond strength, hardness, roughness and microstructure including porosity, inclusion formation and unmelted particles are discussed here. The porosity and inclusion in C1 coating are maximal. C2 coating with oxygen/fuel ratio of 2 has the highest bond strength and the lowest unmelted particles. C3 coating with the lowest total porosity and inclusion has the minimal roughness and the highest oxidation resistance and... 

Abstract: This work describes coating of NiCoCrAlY on IN-738LC superalloy by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Properties of the coatings are significantly influenced by oxygen/fuel ratio and other spraying parameters. The effect of oxygen/fuel ratio on the oxidation behavior, bond strength, hardness, roughness and microstructure including porosity, inclusion formation and unmelted particles are discussed here. The porosity and inclusion in C1 coating are maximal. C2 coating with oxygen/fuel ratio of 2 has the highest bond strength and the lowest unmelted particles. C3 coating with the lowest total porosity and inclusion has the minimal roughness and the highest oxidation resistance... 

In this paper we study and evaluate the performance of a spectral-phase encoded optical CDMA (SPE-OCDMA) system using advanced receiver structures based on second harmonic generation (SHG) effect imposed in a Thick or Thin crystal. This receiver structure is employed as the nonlinear pre-processor prior to the conventional low-speed photodetector. In our performance evaluation amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of the optical amplifiers, receiver front end thermal noise and photodetector shot noise which are effective in low power conditions, and multiple access interference (MAI) noise which is the dominant source of noise in high power conditions in any coherent OCDMA communications... 

In this paper we present and investigate a digital design and implementational details of a wireless optical CDMA (OCDMA) system based on generalized optical orthogonal codes (OOCs). A detailed digital implementation analysis and transmitter/receiver architectures in the context of the above design are fully studied. We analyze various subsystems for a wireless OCDMA system including detector and receiver structure, acquisition, and tracking blocks as well as evaluating their performance in a typical wireless OCDMA communication system. By analyzing two main parts of the system, namely, chip-level detector and OCDMA receiver blocks we evaluate the performance of the overall system.... 

The ways in which an innovation (e.g., new behaviour, idea, technology, product) diffuses among people can determine its success or failure. In this paper, we address the problem of diffusion of innovations over multiplex social networks where the neighbours of a person belong to one or multiple networks (or layers) such as friends, families, or colleagues. To this end, we generalise one of the basic game-theoretic diffusion models, called networked coordination game, for multiplex networks. We present analytical results for this extended model and validate them through a simulation study, finding among other properties a lower bound for the success of an innovation. While simple and leading... 

Thermal-sprayed MCrAlY coatings have become widespread in various industries such as power plants, aeronautics, and oil and gas firms. High-temperature oxidation behavior of these coatings is therefore of significance. Spraying of two prevalent MCrAlY powders (NiCoCrAlY and CoNiCrAlY) on Hastelloy substrate by high velocity oxygen and fuel method and exposing them to 1000 °C air for resolving of their cyclic oxidation behavior are presented in this paper. The coatings were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The obtained oxidation kinetic indicated that at 1000 °C, the thermally sprayed NiCoCrAlY coating has greater... 

Among all proposed structures for optical networks, the optical packet switching (OPS) scheme, due to its practical implementation of IPs in an optical configuration and the consequent advantages, is a prizeworthy candidate for being employed in metropolitan area network and local area network communication levels. One of the few problems frequently met using the OPS structure in the fiber-optics realm is the lack of optical buffers, thus deteriorating the system's flexibility and quality of service. For example, optical label switching networks that have been developed recently based on the generalized multiprotocol label switching protocol, profoundly suffer from this setback which is... 

Intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) schemes are widely used in wireless optical applications. The interest in using IM/DD schemes stems from the fact that they can be easily implemented in transmitter and receiver sides  

In this paper we present and investigate a digital design and implementational details of a wireless optical CDMA (OCDMA) system based on generalized optical orthogonal codes (OOCs). A detailed digital implementation analysis and transmitter/receiver architectures in the context of the above design are fully studied. We analyze various subsystems for a wireless OCDMA system including detector and receiver structure, acquisition, and tracking blocks as well as evaluating their performance in a typical wireless OCDMA communication system. By analyzing two main parts of the system, namely, chip-level detector and OCDMA receiver blocks we evaluate the performance of the overall system.... 

In this paper we study and present an in-depth analysis on the operability and the viability of a typical wireless optical CDMA (OCDMA) local area network. Three receiver structures for OCDMA systems, using optical orthogonal codes (OOC) with minimum auto and cross-correlations as signature sequence, namely, correlation, correlation with hard-limiter, and chip-level detection are studied and proposed for such a network. For the synchronization circuit design the performance of two algorithms for OOC based OCDMA networks, namely, simple serial-search and multiple-shift in the context of wireless OCDMA LAN are studied. Furthermore, we study a synchronization method based on matched filtering... 

I present an in-depth review of the trends and the directions taken by researchers worldwide in optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems. I highlight those trends and features that I believe are essential to the successful introduction of various OCDMA techniques in communication systems and data networks in the near future. In particular I begin by giving a comprehensive review of the construction of optical orthogonal codes (OOCs). Specifically I discuss the recently developed algorithms that are based on matrix algebra, which simplify and enhance the efficiencies of algorithms in OOC generation. In communication systems studies I first focus on and discuss various OCDMA... 

In this paper, we present an in depth analysis and discussions on the behavior and performance of using either thin or thick second harmonic generation (SHG) crystals prior to photodetector in ultrahigh-speed optically amplified digital lightwave communication systems. Our study begins by considering a conventional low-speed optically amplified lightwave receiver and study its performance in ultrahigh-speed regime and show its substantially degraded behavior, indicating the need to use advance optical nonlinear elements such as SHG prior to photodetection. In studying SHG effects, we begin by discussing the mathematical models of thin and thick SHG crystals in the context of statistical... 

Among all proposed structures for optical networks, the optical packet switching (OPS) scheme, due to its practical implementation of IPs in an optical configuration and the consequent advantages, is a prizeworthy candidate for being employed in metropolitan area network and local area network communication levels. One of the few problems frequently met using the OPS structure in the fiber-optics realm is the lack of optical buffers, thus deteriorating the system's flexibility and quality of service. For example, optical label switching networks that have been developed recently based on the generalized multiprotocol label switching protocol, profoundly suffer from this setback which is...