Sharif Digital Repository

Mount Polley Tailings Storage Facility (MP-TSF) failed on its perimeter embankment on August 4, 2014, when its 9th construction stage has just been completed. The failure releasedmillions of m3 of toxic tailings, supernatant water and construction materials todownstream. Up to this point, some research studies have been conducted into the causes of the failure. These studies have considered the stability of the TSF in different stages of its construction as well as in the last stage. The aim of the present study is to investigate the causes of the very failure, using numerical methods by the aid of the finite element based software, PLAXIS 2D. In the present study, the results of the... 

The main purpose of the thesis is Digital image Processing using the sparsity of image. The issue could be described in two ways. First is reconstruction of missed blocks of an image based on the sparsity of image in the transform domain and second is impulsive noise removal using the sparsity of noise in the spatial domain. In the first approach we will review Guleryuz method and simulate and analyze it. In the second approach, two new methods named RDE and Knockout will be introduced. These methods try two remove the impulsive noise of an image using its sparseness. RDE method is a development of conventional methods, but Knockout has a completely new idea. We will show that Knockout is... 

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a self-configuring network that is formed automatically by a collection of mobile nodes without the help of a fixed infrastructure or centralized management. In recent years, the use of MANETs has been widespread in many applications, including some mission critical applications, and as such security has become one of the major concerns in MANETs. Due to some unique characteristics of MANETs, prevention methods alone are not sufficient to make them secure; therefore, detection should be added as another defense before an attacker can breach the system. In this thesis, we have expressed some well-known and related intrusion detection systems. Besides we have... 

Random Polytopes, the first occurrence of which dates back to the famous Sylvester’s four points problem in the 1860s, is a branch of geometric probability, typically concerning the convex hull of some random points chosen from a convex subset of Rd. In this thesis we have studied some special kind of random polytopes; the one that is the convex hull of some independent random points chosen from a convex body (a convex, compact set with interior point) according to the uniform distribution. It was a new approach from A. Rényi and R. Sulanke in 1963 to consider this type when the number of random points tends to infinity.This thesis consists of three main parts: The first part is devoted to... 

“How can we generate a random point with uniform distribution over a convex body ?” According to it’s applications, it’s important for a solution to this problem to be applicable in high dimensions. Here, we are interested in algorithms with polynomial order with respect to the dimension. All existing methods for dealing with this problem are based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, i.e. a random walk is constructed in such that its stationary distribution is the uniform distribution over. Then, after simulating “enough” steps of this random walk, the distribution of the resulting point is “approximately” uniform. The real problem in Monte Carlo method is analyzing its “mixing time”,... 

The purpose of this thesis is to introduce and review a recent methods in simultaneous hypothesis testing. False discovery rates, Benjamini and Hochberg’s FDR Control Algorithm, is the great success story of the new methodology. Much of what follows is an attempt to explain that success in empirical Bayes terms.The later chapters are at pains to show the limitations of current largescale statistical practice: Which cases should be combined in a single analysis? How do we account for notions of relevance between cases? What is the correct null hypothesis? How do we handle correlations? Some helpful theory is provided in answer, but much of the argumentation is by example, with graphs and... 

Determinantal processes are a special family of stochastic processes that arise in physics (fermions), random matrices (eigenvalues), and in combinatorics (random spanning trees and non-intersecting paths). These processes have repelling property (points close to each other are chosen with low probability). Because of this repelling property, determinantal processes are approporiat for modeling some physical quantities (e.g. the position of electrons). Their probabilistic structure is described by operators on complex vector spaces and their eigenvalues. Determinantal processes have interesting properties, e.g. number of points in a region is a sum of independent Bernoulli random variables.... 

With Cramer’s model we have a probability measure on the power set of N. This probability measure is concentrated on the set that its elements are that subsets of N which number of their elements up to a certain natural number is asymptotically equal with the number of primes up to the same number. Let Pc be a sample obtained from this probability measure and consider 8n 2 N, an counts the number of ways that ncan be represented as a multiplication of some elements of Pc, such that changing the arrangement of factors in a representation does not introduce a new one. In this thesis, we prove that limn!1 a1++an n almost surely exists and is positive  

Birkhoff's ergodic theorem in dynamical systems and ergodic theory, and the strong law of large numbers in probability theory are among the fundamental theorems of the two fields, which are closely related. Thus Birkhoff's ergodic theorem directly yields the strong law of large numbers. Attempts were then made to express some limit theorems in probability theory in the form of dynamic systems, such as the central limit theorem, which was expressed in the form of dynamic systems, and even generalizations of It was also obtained. In this paper, we will investigate the above and similar connections between probability limit theorems and well-known theorems in ergodic theory  

Travel time estimation is a central issue in the urban transportation industry and is the basis of many analyses and services in businesses related to this area. In the past few years, various statistical approaches have been devised to solve this problem. The purpose of this dissertation is to review existing methods by focusing on segment-based approaches for urban travel time estimation. A big challenge is the small amount of data in hand compared to the size of the urban network. Exploring historical data and extracting correlation between urban network segments leads to modeling the urban traffic condition and travel time estimation in one specific time interval of the day  

This thesis is devoted to introduce coherent risk measures on general probability spaces. After studying their properties, we also will characterize them using functional analysis tools. First we describe some related economic concepts such as risk concept, risk management and risk measures. Then we will study Value at Risk (VaR) as an applicable risk measure and determine its advantages and disadvantages. The motivation for studying risk measures in an axiomatic point of view and also introducing coherent risk measures was that VaR doesn’t have the diversification property. In chapter 2 and 3, we introduced coherent risk measures comprehensively. We began the second chapter by the... 

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a subfield of machine learning that expresses how to learn optimal actions in a wide range of unknown environments. Reinforcement learning problems are often phrased in terms of Markov decision processes (MDPs). However, being restricted to Markov environments to solve problems with limited state space is not an unreasonable assumption, but the main challenge is to consider these problems in as large a class of environments as possible, which includes any challenges that an agent may face in real world. Such agents are able to learn to play chess, wash dishes, invest in financial markets, and do many tasks that an intelligent human being can learn and do. In... 

Mankind according to his authority (or delusion of authority) always finds himself in a situation which need decision-¬making. Usually, he seeks to make the best possible decision. The basis for measuring the goodness of choices is different in different occasions. This measure could be level of enjoyment, economic profit, probability of reaching a goal, etc. These decisions have consequences such that the situations before and after the decisions are not the same. Most challenging decision¬-making situations are those which the decision¬maker has not the complete authority over the situation and the results of decisions are influenced by out of control factors. A significant part of... 

Markov chains are memoryless stochastic processes that undergoes transitions from one state to another state on a state space having the property that, given the present,the future is conditionally independent of the past. Under general conditions, the markov chain has a stationary distribution and the probability distribution of the markov chain, independent of the staring state, converges to it’s stationary distribution.
We use this fact to construct markov chain monte carlo, which are a class of algorithms for sampling from probability distributions based on constructing a markov chain that has the desired distribution as its stationary distribution. The state of a chain after a large... 

The chapter 1 begins the discussion of a theory of large-scale simultaneous hypothesis testing now under development in the statistics literature. Furthermore,this chapter introduces the False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Empirical Bayes approach. In chapter 2, the frequentist viewpoints to the simultaneous hypothesis testing is mentioned. apter 3 describes the break through paper of the Benjamini and Hochberg published in 1995. Chapter 4 provides new criteria for error and represents an outstanding method of controlling FDR by J.D. Storey. The first part of chapter 5 discusses a paper related to control of FDR for variable selection in linear model setting by E.Candes and R. Barber. In the rest...