Sharif Digital Repository

The Quadriceps Muscle as one of the major muscles of the human body plays a key role in knee function. Strengthening of this muscle is recommanded to prevent knee pain and even cure some diseases. Many believe that by strengthening the medial part with respect to the lateral part of the quadriceps muscles, patellofemoral pain syndrome can be prevented or treated. In this regard, a muscle strengthening system, based on magneticorheological brake is designed which provides isometric, isotonic and isokinetic exercise of knee joint and also enables the selective muscle strengthening. Beforehand a musculoskeletal model of lower extremity is developed in OpenSim software, capable to estimate force... 

Wheeled mobile robots form a subcategory of mobile robots and are usually accompanied with geometric constraints on their velocities. These constraints do not allow the robots to move in any path that only does not collide with obstacles, in order to move from one point to another. On the other hand, the nonlinear nature of these systems make their control difficult. A general approach in motion planning and control for mobile robots is using standard forms equivalent to their state equations; Usually, solving motion planning and control problems for these forms is easier than that of the original system. Also,the mentioned problems are more prospective to have a systematic solution for... 

In this thesis, we first explain how we can construct three-point amplitudes for both massive and massless particles by solely knowing the Lorentz invariance and spin or helicity of particles. Then, using BCFW recursion relation, we determine the tree-level amplitudes. To calculate the loop amplitude, we apply the unitarity of Smatrix.The unitarity relates the tree-level amplitudes to loop level. Finally, I discuss some exciting topics in this field, including color-kinematics duality, some relevant applications of contemporary S-matrix theory in effective field theories  

Due to the destructive effects of sudden and adverse changes in acceleration on the human body, drivability control has a particular importance in the automotive industry. Driveability control makes car occupants feel a smooth and comfortable driving, and it will play a vital role in the competition between companies to provide a good product with optimal driving quality.In this project, the aim is to achieve a smooth acceleration curve in a vehicle equipped with a manual transmissions. The meaning of smooth acceleration curve is to reduce jerk and shock caused by inappropriate driver behaviors and to control the car's torque and acceleration to a desirable level. In this project, first, the... 

Control Charts are the most popular monitoring tools for profiles. The time that a control chart gives an out-of-control signal is not the real time of change. The actual time of change is called the change point. This study suggests two new algorithms to find the change (shift) in parameters of nonlinear profiles. First, using ordinary Kriging method, new points are estimated. Then, with the help of Bernoulli hypothesis test, the probability of detecting the change for new points is tested. Nonlinear profiles in this study follow the exponential family of distributions; in particular, Exponential, Poison and Gaussian distribution structures are used as nonlinear profiles. The proposed... 

Huge availability of data in last decade has raised the opportunity to use data for decision making. The idea of using existing data to achieve more coherent reality solution has led to a branch of optimization called data-driven optimization. Presence of uncertain variables makes it crucial to design robust optimization methods for this area. On the other hand, in many real-world problems, the closed-form of the objective function is not available and a meta-model based framework is necessary. Motivated by this, we are using a Gaussian process in a Bayesian optimization framework to design a method that is consistent with the data in predefined confidence level. The goodness of the... 

Skin, as the largest organ of the body and the first protector against external injuries, plays an important role in maintaining human health. Therefore, providing a method for complete treatment of skin lesions is very important. In the last century, tissue engineering approaches, with the introduction of skin scaffolds, have been instrumental in the process of skin tissue regeneration and treatment. The aim of the present study is to construct an optimal bilayer scaffold to mimic the two outer layer of the skin (epidermis and dermis). Besides, the effects of placenta extract on acceleration of wound healing was investigated by an in-vivo test. both layer of scaffold are porous hydrogels,... 

In recent years, the increase of particulate matter concentration due to frequent dust storms has become one of the most important dilemmas of people around the world. The high concentration of dust particles causes irreparable respiratory diseases, premature death, economic and social damages. Because of placement in the vicinity of the main sources of dust, Iran has been severely affected by the phenomenon of dust storms and damage caused by it.In this research, two dust storms occurred in Tehran are simulated using WRF-Chem and HYSPLIT models. The first event took place on February 2, 2016, and the second event took place on May 22, 2018. In order to determine the empirical parameters of... 

The concurrent flow of oil and water is a common occurrence in the field of multiphase flow in different fields including petroleum industry. In oil and gas, production engineers often face a situation in which more than one phase is flowing through the producers. In such conditions an accurate assessment of pressure loss inside the well plays a vital role in efficient and effective production planning. Changes in well orientation, wellbore diameter, reservoir and fluid properties as well as fluid flow rates are among parameters in which will affect the flow patterns that can occur inside a well during its life time. These flow patterns are created as a result of a competition between... 

Casing design is one of the most expensive parts in the drilling of oil wells, and any cost reduction with the basic design of these casing strings will significantly reduce the total cost of the operation. In recent years, occurring scenarios-based casing design has become popular; Because in many cases, it eliminates non-occurring scenarios such as gas kick and saves on drilling costs. In this study, we have tried to investigate all scenarios that may occur during the lifetime of the well, whether drilling or production, and for each well, based on its own field information, possible scenarios for each casing part are selected separately and the applying loads are calculated. For this...