Sharif Digital Repository

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between household poverty and the gender of the head in the Iranian households. The self-reported gender of the head of household (FHH), underestimates the rate of poverty in female- head households (FHH). The self-reported gender of the head of household considers, conventionally, a family as male-head, even if the man of the family is incapable of making money. In much of these families the wife is the sole income holder even though she is not recognized as the head. In this study, a definition for household headship is introduced, which considers head of household the one who provides more than 50% of household income. Using household’s... 

Gas injection is a common method for enhanced oil recovery. Simulating the processes involved in this method requires solving compositional equations, which are computationally expensive, highlighting the need for compositional upscaling. Upscaling methods are categorized into three groups: single-phase, two-phase, and compositional upscaling. To execute reservoir flow models in coarse-scale simulations, all relevant parameters, including rock properties, flow functions, and phase properties of components, must be upscaled. In this study, due to the need for modifying flow equations, access to the source code of a reservoir simulator is necessary. Thus, a black-oil simulator and subsequently... 

Nowadays, methods based on deep learning networks are the most effective artificial in­ telligence methods. Although they have achieved success in various fields (such as machine vision and object recognition), practical and experimental cases show the fragility of deep learning networks against perturbations and unwanted changes of the input pattern. All these perturbations must be in a way that the main class of the perturbed input pattern can be rec­ ognized by human, but the network makes a mistake in recognizing its correct class. This thesis seeks a more accurate evaluation by designing adversarial attacks such that the main class of the adversarial pattern is detectable by human...