Sharif Digital Repository

Superhydrophobic surfaces demonstrate significant characteristics which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications. In this study, we propose a facile, one-step, and cost-effective anodizing scheme using aluminum nitrate/stearic acid mixture solution to create a superhydrophobic surface on an aluminum mesh. The surface outperforms the surface anodized by the widely used oxalic acid solution in terms of superhydrophobicity and water-surface friction behavior. The proposed surface reduced the friction by 11% on average respective to the surface prepared by oxalic acid. The durability of the introduced superhydrophobic surface has also been investigated. The proposed surface retained... 

Titanium type lithium ion-sieve nanotubes synthesized by the hydrothermal method were extensively explored over recent years due to its promising properties. However, on account of nanotubes′ tangled structure impeding the lithium adsorption in the interior nanotube walls, unalterable dimensions of the synthesized nanotubes, and a long period of annealing, the anodizing technique was proposed. It is shown that lithium uptake and adsorption capacity is improved because of easier mass transfer during the ion exchange process. This work focuses on a novel anodizing method for nanotube ion-sieve synthesis. The optimum anodizing condition was discovered by altering anodizing voltage, time, and... 

Using the Shan-Chen lattice Boltzmann multi-phase model, we investigate the effect of adding microstructured grooves to the walls of a 2D parallel-plate channel on the pressure drop in the channel. The effects of the size of the grooves on the pressure drop in the channel were considered. It was observed that the pitch of the grooves has a considerable effect on the pressure drop in the channel, and even for some values of the pitch we observe an increase in the pressure drop. As the pitch decreases, a lower pressure drop is achieved. The results also show that as the ratio of the solid-liquid contact surface to the whole surface is decreased, the pressure drop decreases. It is also observed... 

Solar collecting area is one of the most important operating parameters of active solar stills. No experimental work has been performed to investigate the effect of this parameter to date. Furthermore in all of previous theoretical studies the effect of solar collecting area was examined during only the first 24-hour period of the operation of stills with one specified brine depth. However the present work experimentally studies the long-term simultaneous effects of collector area and brine depth on the performance of active solar stills. For this purpose four parallel active solar stills with different collector areas were fabricated and experiments were conducted for 5 consecutive days... 

We propose a facile and cost effective method for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces with significant drag reduction in a wide velocity range. A dual structure superhydrophobic aluminum surface with a hydrophobic Al2O3micro- and nanoparticle coating and also another superhydrophobic surface with a nanoparticle layer coating are fabricated. Then, the resulted drag from each of these surfaces is measured carefully in different velocities and compared with the drag of the as-received aluminum surface. Our results reveal that the surface with the dual structure experiences drag reduction in a wider velocity range compared with the nanoparticle coated sample. Drag reduction of the dual... 

The present work investigated the outdoor performance of a basin type multi-stage solar still as well as the effect of collector over basin area (CBA) ratio on the distillate production. The effect of CBA was studied in outdoor experiments for the first time. The system consisted of a still coupled with one, two or three flat-plate solar collectors. In order to study the effect of CBA more accurately, the experiments were conducted in both winter and summer. In these experiments, the distilled water production of the multi-stage still was measured during the whole 24. h of a day on an hourly basis. The results revealed that in the winter, the basin coupled to one solar collector (CBA. =... 

One of the most important operating parameters which affects the performance and efficiency of active solar stills is brine depth. In all of the previous experimental or theoretical studies, effects of water depth were investigated during only the first 24-hour period (or even shorter periods) of the operation of active solar stills. In other words, only the first day was taken into account. However, the production of an active solar still depends on several parameters such as brine temperature at sunrise (initial temperature), which are all affected by the depth variation after the first day of operation. However, the present research experimentally investigates the long-term effects of... 

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a wide range of compounds containing carbon–fluorine bonds. Due the strength of this bond and the high electronegativity of fluorine atoms, PFAS display stability, wettability and other characteristics that are unique for industrial applications and products. However, PFAS induce adverse effects on the environment and human health. Here we review the chemistry, synthesis, properties, analysis, occurrence in water, filtration, removal and oxydation of PFAS. We highlight emerging hybrid treatments to remove PFAS from water. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG  

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a wide range of compounds containing carbon–fluorine bonds. Due the strength of this bond and the high electronegativity of fluorine atoms, PFAS display stability, wettability and other characteristics that are unique for industrial applications and products. However, PFAS induce adverse effects on the environment and human health. Here we review the chemistry, synthesis, properties, analysis, occurrence in water, filtration, removal and oxydation of PFAS. We highlight emerging hybrid treatments to remove PFAS from water. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG