Sharif Digital Repository

Guilt aversion, the process of avoiding guilt, when guilt indicates the human sense which is present when they let down other's expectations. As the definition suggests, guilt is related to what one thinks of the others’ thoughts; i.e. the second-order beliefs. Incomplete information models of guilt aversion are the most reliable ones in the literature due to economic experiments. Based on these models, the dictator game and the trust game are applied to measure the degree of guilt aversion. In both the above psychological games, there are two players where Player A has the power to decide about the split of the money. We use the amount of transferred money to Player B is as a sign of guilt... 

Unequal distribution of profit and income in different sectors of industries creates a challenge for investors and their managers to determine the level of concentration and investment in each industry sector. The energy industry, as one of the most important ones in the country, will not be an exception to this rule. Iran, as a country with a competitive advantage in the world in this industry, can take the path of development if this industry is used correctly and to the maximum. Also, owners, regulators and investors of this industry must constantly monitor it so that they can determine its growth. This research aims to closely monitor this industry to create guidelines for all the people... 

Many theoretical and empirical studies in finance explicitly or implicitly rely on the Gaussian distribution assumption for the variables under consideration. This assumption is applied in various ways, from its use as the basis for deriving the optimal portfolio composition in the classical Markowitz framework to statistical tests assessing the significance of different variables effects in various regressions. Despite extensive empirical evidence supporting the non-Gaussian distribution of returns in stock markets, there is still a gap in achieving a comprehensive model to replace the Gaussian assumption across all areas of financial studies. In this study, alpha-stable distributions are... 

At least nine different formalisms have been presented for Quantum mechanics which by itself can indicate the incomplete understanding of Quantum theory. Each formalism has its own ups and downs, but de Broglie–Bohm approach which is based on representing a causal interpretation has a special place among them. This approach not only can explain the statistical approach to an ensemble of systems, but also can describe single systems. There are two general approaches in de Broglie–Bohm formalism. The first approach which includes more things in itself than the other approach is Bohm’s which considers Quantum potential energy as the principal factor in causing Quantum effects. The original idea... 

Regardless of the traffic model and its application, an essential input of transportation models is the amount of demand which is usually described using Origin-Destination (OD) matrices. Due to high costs and time of direct development of such matrices, they are estimated indirectly from traffic measurements recorded from the network. Dynamic Origin-Destination demand provides valuable information on within-day fluctuation of traffic demand which could be used in analyzing congestion dissipation. In addition, they are essential inputs of dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models. The current study presents a fuzzy approach to dynamic OD estimation problem. The problem is designed as a two... 

The value added service industry as in emergent and profitable industry has gained mane attentions by corporate owners especially in the segment of telecommunication and information technology. For launching value added services, communication infrastructure must combined with attractive and high quality contents. For this purpose, mobile network operators have collaborated with content providers to launch services, cooperative advertisements and shared the earned revenue. Interaction between operators and content providers has many complex stages that starts before contract assignment and ends at the revenue sharing stage. For analysis this problem, first, we investigated this interactions... 

Origin-Destination (OD) demand is one of the important requirements in transportation planning. Estimating OD demand could be an expensive and time consuming procedure. These days using vehicle identification sensors for OD estimation has become very common because of its low cost and high accuracy. In this study, we focus on solving location problems of these sensors with the aim of observe and estimate path flows. These problems have only been solved for small-scale networks until recently due to being computationally expensive. These years two basic models have been introduced : one, without considering time of vehicle ID detection and one, with considering that information. In this... 

When heart failure occurred, revascularization to body’s organs and consequently covering the metabolic demands of different sections faces with problem. Chronic heart failure is the first reason of mortality all over the world. Traditional treatment for CHF at end stage is heart transplantation. But some of patients don’t have the opportunity to benefit from heart transplantation because of aging, health conditions and lack of donors. On the other hand, Left Ventricular Assist Devices that are using for supporting a ventricle suffering from failure face with basic chalanges for example, backflow in lower speeds and suction in higher speed. These constrictions necessitate maximum and minimum...