Sharif Digital Repository

At least nine different formalisms have been presented for Quantum mechanics which by itself can indicate the incomplete understanding of Quantum theory. Each formalism has its own ups and downs, but de Broglie–Bohm approach which is based on representing a causal interpretation has a special place among them. This approach not only can explain the statistical approach to an ensemble of systems, but also can describe single systems. There are two general approaches in de Broglie–Bohm formalism. The first approach which includes more things in itself than the other approach is Bohm’s which considers Quantum potential energy as the principal factor in causing Quantum effects. The original idea... 

Guilt aversion, the process of avoiding guilt, when guilt indicates the human sense which is present when they let down other's expectations. As the definition suggests, guilt is related to what one thinks of the others’ thoughts; i.e. the second-order beliefs. Incomplete information models of guilt aversion are the most reliable ones in the literature due to economic experiments. Based on these models, the dictator game and the trust game are applied to measure the degree of guilt aversion. In both the above psychological games, there are two players where Player A has the power to decide about the split of the money. We use the amount of transferred money to Player B is as a sign of guilt... 

Surgical simulation systems facilitate a safe and efficient training process by providing a virtual environment in which the trainee can repeat the surgical procedure unlimitedly at different situations. The present study attempted to provide a real time simulation for the grasping procedure of a large internal organ during laparoscopic surgery. A mass-spring-damper model was employed to simulate the nonlinear viscoelastic large deformations of spleen tissue interacting with a triple-jaw large organ grasper. A novel collision detection algorithm was designed and implemented to determine the contact points between the tissue and the grasper jaws. The boundary conditions imposed at the contact... 

Unequal distribution of profit and income in different sectors of industries creates a challenge for investors and their managers to determine the level of concentration and investment in each industry sector. The energy industry, as one of the most important ones in the country, will not be an exception to this rule. Iran, as a country with a competitive advantage in the world in this industry, can take the path of development if this industry is used correctly and to the maximum. Also, owners, regulators and investors of this industry must constantly monitor it so that they can determine its growth. This research aims to closely monitor this industry to create guidelines for all the people... 

Many theoretical and empirical studies in finance explicitly or implicitly rely on the Gaussian distribution assumption for the variables under consideration. This assumption is applied in various ways, from its use as the basis for deriving the optimal portfolio composition in the classical Markowitz framework to statistical tests assessing the significance of different variables effects in various regressions. Despite extensive empirical evidence supporting the non-Gaussian distribution of returns in stock markets, there is still a gap in achieving a comprehensive model to replace the Gaussian assumption across all areas of financial studies. In this study, alpha-stable distributions are... 

Regardless of the traffic model and its application, an essential input of transportation models is the amount of demand which is usually described using Origin-Destination (OD) matrices. Due to high costs and time of direct development of such matrices, they are estimated indirectly from traffic measurements recorded from the network. Dynamic Origin-Destination demand provides valuable information on within-day fluctuation of traffic demand which could be used in analyzing congestion dissipation. In addition, they are essential inputs of dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models. The current study presents a fuzzy approach to dynamic OD estimation problem. The problem is designed as a two... 

The value added service industry as in emergent and profitable industry has gained mane attentions by corporate owners especially in the segment of telecommunication and information technology. For launching value added services, communication infrastructure must combined with attractive and high quality contents. For this purpose, mobile network operators have collaborated with content providers to launch services, cooperative advertisements and shared the earned revenue. Interaction between operators and content providers has many complex stages that starts before contract assignment and ends at the revenue sharing stage. For analysis this problem, first, we investigated this interactions...