Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, an enzymatic pathway has been developed to replicate the Calvin Cycle by creating the individual steps of the carbon cycle in a bioreactor. The technology known as “artificial photosynthesis” converts CO2 emissions into a variety of intermediates that serve as precursors to high-value products. CO2, light, water, and electricity were used as feedstock. An electrochemical reactor was also studied for the regeneration of active NADH operating at constant electrode potential. Initially, a batch electrochemical reactor containing 80 mL of 0.2 mM NAD+ in Tris-buffer (pH 7.40) was used to evaluate the electrode material operating at normal temperature and pressure. The results... 

Despite the benefits of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection in cancer treatment, the efficiency of these techniques is insufficient. The development of nanocarriers enabling combined diagnosis and therapy is progressive but still is limited. In this paper, we developed bandgap-modified Fe3O4@Ag@CuS nanoparticles conjugated with AS1411 DNA aptamer (aptaNPs) for photothermal therapy (PTT) and dual magnetic resonance (MR) and infrared (IR) imaging. It is shown that the developed nanoparticles induce localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) to promote the efficiency of photothermal therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that aptaNPs are highly specific against 4T1... 

The dearth of efficient, robust, and economical electrocatalysts for water oxidation is dubiously the key obstacle for renewable energy devices, so synthesis of efficient, and cost-effective metal-based water oxidation catalysts is vital. Herein, Co3O4, Co9S8 catalysts and their heterostructure Co3O4/Co9S8 were synthesized and evaluated as water oxidation electrocatalysts. The characterization of Co3O4, Co9S8, and Co3O4/Co9S8 electrocatalysts was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The heterostructure Co3O4/Co9S8 (1.46 V) exhibited water oxidation electrocatalysis at extremely low onset potential compared to... 

The dearth of efficient, robust, and economical electrocatalysts for water oxidation is dubiously the key obstacle for renewable energy devices, so synthesis of efficient, and cost-effective metal-based water oxidation catalysts is vital. Herein, Co3O4, Co9S8 catalysts and their heterostructure Co3O4/Co9S8 were synthesized and evaluated as water oxidation electrocatalysts. The characterization of Co3O4, Co9S8, and Co3O4/Co9S8 electrocatalysts was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The heterostructure Co3O4/Co9S8 (1.46 V) exhibited water oxidation electrocatalysis at extremely low onset potential compared to... 

Sustainable agriculture is a pivotal driver of a nation’s economic growth, especially considering the challenge of providing food for the world’s expanding population. Agriculture remains a cornerstone of many nations’ economies, so the need for intelligent, sustainable farming practices has never been greater. Agricultural industries worldwide require sophisticated systems that empower farmers to manage their crops efficiently, reduce water wastage, and optimize yield quality. Yearly, substantial crop losses occur due to unpredictable environmental changes, with improper irrigation practices being a leading cause. In this paper, we introduce an innovative irrigation time control system for... 

Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn spinel ferrites with compositions of Ni0·5Mg0·3Mn0.2CaxFe2-xO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were prepared via sol-gel auto-ignition technique. TGA/DTA, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and VSM were employed to evaluate the thermal, spectral, structural, morphological, and magnetic features of Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn spinel ferrites. TGA/DTA curves show the weight loss in the sample. This weight loss was attributed to the oxidation and decomposition of the sample contents at a temperature of 500 °C. XRD reveals a single-phase structure of the Ni–Mg–Mn nano ferrites. A single-phase orthorhombic structure was confirmed for Ca-doped Ni–Mg–Mn ferrites. Structural parameters such as lattice... 

This study focuses on a forward looking approach in which deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new class of designer solvents, were impregnated into micro porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane for the separation of CO2 from CH4. Three types of DESs were prepared by mixing and heating of hydrogen bond acceptor (choline chloride) with either malic acid, tartaric acid or oxalic acid as hydrogen bond donor. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the hydrogen bond interactions in the resulting DES. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to evaluate the thermal stability of the prepared membranes. The DES based supported liquid membranes were investigated systematically to... 

Global indicators have warned of freshwater scarcity in Asia. However, the utilization of freshwater resources has skyrocketed for commercial and industrial purposes without any strategy for recycling and reuse. The power plant’s wastewater/reject mainly consisted of cooling tower blowdown water and reverse osmosis (RO) plant reject water. Due to the high turbid nature of reject water, pretreatment was carried out to achieve SDI15 <3 by employing multimedia filters (MMF), activated carbon filters (ACF) and ultrafiltration (UF). Operational parameters of RO membranes were optimized (11.5 bar, 29 °C) to achieve maximum water recovery along with higher rejection rates of critical scale forming... 

The productive and straightforward strategy was developed to fabricate graphene based NiFe2O4 doped rare-earth (RE) ions nanocomposites for enhancing the magnetic and structural characteristics of ferrites. RE nanoparticles (NPs) such as Yb3+, Gd3+ and Sm3+ were doped in NiFe2O4 ferrite structure via sol-gel auto-combustion method and hydrothermal method was utilized to fabricate their graphene-based nanocomposites. The weight loss and decomposition of the nanocomposites were determined using temperature-dependent thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The single-phase structure of the NiFe2O4, NiFe2O4/G, Yb doped NiFe2O4/G, Gd doped NiFe2O4/G, and Sm doped NiFe2O4/G nanocomposites was... 

Recent studies confirm the ability of graphene oxides (GO) for the improvement of cementitious-based soil material properties. The current study aimed to explore the influence of GO and cement on the spectroscopic, thermal, structural, and strength of soil experimentally. The spectroscopic analysis studied by FTIR showed the presence of GO and cementitious contents in the soil sample by detecting the vibration modes of respective components. Thermal (TGA) analysis revealed a slight loss in weight with the increase in temperature up to 1000 °C majorly due to the presence of moisture contents. SEM equipped with an EDX technique was implemented to examine the sample of microstructure containing... 

This article presents the variation of structural, electronic, thermal and optical properties of a halide perovskite CsYbBr3with increasing pressure, employing density functional theory. The pressure effect was determined in range of 0-15 GPa. In which stability of CsYbBr3remains valid, as, verified from negative values of enthalpy of formation and phonon dispersion curves. A significant change was observed in lattice constant, bond lengths, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, volume and ground state energy, with increasing pressure. The calculated electronic properties presented CsYbBr3as a semiconductor with direct band gap of 3.61 eV. However, pressure rise shift the Yb-d states... 

Carbonaceous materials (CMs) have been applied extensively for enhancing the catalytic performance of environmental catalysts, however, the self-catalytic mechanism of CMs for groundwater remediation is rarely investigated. Herein, we unveiled the catalytic ability of various CMs via Fe(III) reduction through polyvinyl alcohol-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (PVA@nCP) for trichloroethylene (TCE) removal. Among selected CMs (graphite (G), biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC)), BC and AC showed enhancement of TCE removal of 89% and 98% via both adsorption and catalytic degradation. BET and SEM analyses showed a higher adsorption capacity of AC (27.8%) than others. The generation of... 

Carbonaceous materials (CMs) have been applied extensively for enhancing the catalytic performance of environmental catalysts, however, the self-catalytic mechanism of CMs for groundwater remediation is rarely investigated. Herein, we unveiled the catalytic ability of various CMs via Fe(III) reduction through polyvinyl alcohol-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (PVA@nCP) for trichloroethylene (TCE) removal. Among selected CMs (graphite (G), biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC)), BC and AC showed enhancement of TCE removal of 89% and 98% via both adsorption and catalytic degradation. BET and SEM analyses showed a higher adsorption capacity of AC (27.8%) than others. The generation of... 

The demand and importance of fairness creams as a major cosmetic have increased significantly in recent years. However, some of these cosmetics contain heavy metals, hydroquinone and microorganism that can cause various health problems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine and examine the concentration of metals (i.e. Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg), hydroquinone and microorganisms in nine different fairness creams produced by local and international brands. The health risk assessment of the tested substances for consumers was accessed through systemic exposure dosage (SED), margin of safety (MoS), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The concentration... 

TiO2 deposited on a membrane of Ag fibers was prepared as a photoelectrochemical cell electrode. Ag fibers were made by reduction of Ag complexes on cellulose fibers, followed by burning out the template. TiO 2 photocatalyst layers were grown on the fibers by electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles. Ag fibers could be uniformly deposited. Photocatalytic tests by dye decomposition and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under UV illumination demonstrate that Ag fibers act as a good substrate that provides both high surface area and good separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and causes the enhancement of photocatalytic activity in comparison with a thin film of... 

This study examines the air quality on line 1 and 2 of Tehran underground metro. The total suspended particulate (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, PM1, CO2, NO, NO2, SO2, relative humidity and air temperature were measured. An integrated air quality index was also calculated for each location. The results revealed that, PMlO, PM2.5, and SO2 concentrations are higher than their environmental standard levels. The in station CO2 levels are higher while its' in train levels are lower than environmental permissible level. The air quality index showed that the in-train air quality is more acceptable than the instation air quality  

Autonomous robotic grasping has emerged as a valuable capability for automating everyday household tasks like table setting (bossing), cleaning, and meal preparation. Still, accurately detecting and manipulating diverse everyday objects in unstructured home environments remains a significant challenge. In this study, an integrated robotic system combining YOLOv8s-seg deep learning for object detection and segmentation with computer vision techniques to determine optimal grasping points is proposed. The accuracy of this model has also been compared with other models through their mAP0.5, mAP.05-.95, precision and recall. A custom dataset of over 1000 images containing common household objects... 

Objective(s): The molecular basis of “metabolically healthy obese” and “metabolically unhealthy non-obese” phenotypes is not fully understood. Our objective was to identify metabolite patterns differing in obese (metabolically healthy vs unhealthy (MHO vs MUHO)) and non-obese (metabolically healthy vs unhealthy (MHNO vs MUHNO)) individuals. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 86 subjects stratified into four groups using anthropometric and clinical measurements: MHO (21), MUHO (21), MHNO (22), and MUHNO (22). Serum metabolites were profiled using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Multivariate analysis was applied to uncover discriminant metabolites, and enrichment... 

Activated carbon powder was analyzed at one of the petro-chemical units in Iran, to determine the usefulness of this material in waste water treatment. Two types of commercial activated carbon powder were used giving different results, attributed to different constituents. For every experiment, 4 kg of activated carbon was used in the pilot plant column. Analysis results on the effect of parameters, e.g., inlet volumetric flow rate of waste water and activated carbon structure, on the plant performance were presented. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 18th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering (Prague, Czech Republic 8/24-28/2008)  

Hexyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (HTPB) is used as an efficient ionic liquid catalyst in the chemoselective addition of malononitrile to carbonyl group moiety of chalcones through the three-component reaction of aryl aldehydes, acetophenone derivatves, and malononitrile to produce (E)-2-(1,3-diarylallylidene)malononitriles at ambient temperature. The method is simple, solvent-free, environmentally friendly, and gives excellent yields in a short reaction times. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim