Sharif Digital Repository

Many software development methodologies are based on modeling the real world. In some of these methodologies, real-world models are gradually transformed into software models, while in others, the real world is only considered as a preliminary source of insight into the physical business domain. Real-world modeling was pushed to the sidelines due to anomalies in real-world modeling approaches; however, with the advent of the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA), real-world conceptual modeling is likely to regain its importance. We propose a method for using Design Patterns in the context of model transformation, where real-world models are refactored through application of these patterns.... 

Agile software development methodologies have been greeted with enthusiasm by many software developers, yet their widespread adoption has also resulted in closer examination of their strengths and weaknesses. While analyses and evaluations abound, the need still remains for an objective and systematic appraisal of Agile processes specifically aimed at defining strategies for their improvement. We provide a review of the strengths and weaknesses identified in Agile processes, based on which a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis of the processes is performed. We suggest this type of analysis as a useful tool for highlighting and addressing the problem issues in Agile... 

Occurrence of liquefaction in saturated sand deposits underlying foundation of structure can cause a wide range of structural damages starting from minor settlement, and ending to general failure due to loss of bearing capacity. If the bearing capacity failure is not the problem, reliable estimation of the liquefaction-induced settlement will be of prime importance in assessment of the overall performance of the structure. Currently, there are few procedures with limited application in practice for estimation of settlement of foundations on liquefied ground. Therefore, development of a general relationship is important from the practical viewpoint. In this paper, the dynamic response of... 

The liquefaction phenomenon is usually accompanied by a large amount of settlement. Based on the observations made in past earthquakes, ground improvement by densification is one of the most useful approaches to reduce the liquefaction-induced settlement. Currently, there is no analytical solution for evaluation of the amount of settlement and tilting of footings that are constructed on densified ground surrounded by liquefiable soil. A number of factors, such as underlying soil properties, dimensions of the footing and earthquake loading characteristics, cause the problem to become complicated. In this paper, the dynamic response of shallow foundations on both liquefiable and... 

In performance-based geotechnical earthquake engineering, the required degree and spatial extent of ground densification for mitigation of liquefaction beneath a structure should be determined based on the acceptable levels of performance of foundation. Currently, there is no solution for evaluation of the amount of settlement and tilt of footings constructed on a densified ground which is surrounded by a liquefiable soil. This implies the need for numerical procedures for simulation of seismic behavior of shallow foundations supported on both liquefiable and densified subsoil. In this paper, the dynamic response of shallow foundations on a densified ground is studied using a 3D fully... 

Dynamic compaction is a widely used method for improvement of loose granular deposits. Its applicability in saturated layers generally considered to be less effective because of the fact that part of the applied energy is absorbed by pore water. Up to now the majority of numerical simulations have focused on the analysis of dynamic compaction in dry/moist soils. In this paper, a fully coupled hydro-mechanical finite element code has been developed and employed to evaluate the dynamic compaction effects on saturated granular soils. After verification of the results by comparing the numerical results with those measured in a real field case of DC treatment in a highway, some sensitivity... 

Dynamic compaction (DC) is a common soil improvement technique, used extensively worldwide. DC treatment design is usually based upon empirical relations and past experience. The common problem with all empirical relations is oversimplification of the mechanisms, and the use of parameters that are highly dependent on engineering judgement. In this paper, a developed finite-element code is used for modelling the impact behaviour of dry and moist sandy soil. The code is verified against the results of centrifuge tests. Then the validity of the popular Menard empirical relation for determination of improvement depth in DC design is investigated. The effect of initial relative density, tamper... 

Dynamic compaction (DC) is a popular soil improvement method that is extensively used worldwide. DC treatment design is usually carried out based on past experiences and empirical relations. To establish a rational design approach, all important factors affecting the DC process should be taken into account. In this paper, a finite element code is developed for modeling the impact behavior of dry and moist granular soils. The code is verified with the results of some centrifuge tests. Several analyses were conducted in order to study the effects of energy/momentum per drop, tamper base radius, and number of drops on compaction degree, compacted depth, and extension of the improved zone in the... 

In this study, a fully coupled dynamic finite element model was employed for numerical simulation of the response of level to gently sloping saturated sand layers subjected to cyclic loading. This model utilized a critical state two-surface-plasticity constitutive model to simulate the cyclic behavior of sandy soil. Moreover, a recently proposed variable permeability function was implemented in the numerical model to reflect the effects of soil permeability variations during the liquefaction phenomenon. The numerical model was validated by simulating a number of well-documented geotechnical centrifuge tests with different relative density of sand, base acceleration time history, and surface... 

Surface of polycarbonate substrates were activated by atmospheric plasma torch using different gas pressure, distance from the substrates, velocity of the torch and number of treatments. The modifications were analyzed by contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Plasma treatment caused the surface characteristics to become more hydrophilic as measured by the water contact angle, which decreased from 88° to 18°. The decrease in contact angle was mainly due to oxidation of the surface groups, leading to formation of polar groups with hydrophilic property. XPS results showed an increase in the intensity of... 

Redundancy technique is used to improve performance and achieving to increase the lifetime of a system. Nowadays, the redundancy method is applied in many industries. One of the common methods of redundancy is its utilization in the switching systems. In switching systems, one or more components are considered active mode and the others in the standby state to be used by switch if necessary. In order to be fully utilized all the components in the redundant device, the switch unit must perform its function, such as switching, perfectly. Successful coverage by switch unit is expressed with a probability. In this paper, a new approach to the likelihood of switch success is proposed, and showing... 

In the reliability analysis of systems, all system components are often assumed independent and failure of any component does not depend on any other component. One of the reasons for doing so is that considerations of calculation and elegance typically pull in simplicity. But in real-world applications, there are very complex systems with lots of subsystems and a choice of multiple components that may interact with each other. Therefore, components of the system can be affected by the occurrence of a failure in any of the components. The purpose of this paper is to give an explicit formula for the computation of the reliability of a system with two parallel active components and one spare... 

Standby spare systems are particularly important because of their high reliability over other competing systems. A great deal of research has been done in the literature on these systems under various assumptions. Obtaining explicit reliability equations for such systems is achieved only when the failure behavior of their components follows the exponential distribution due to its ease of use. However, in practice, there are many components that their failure behavior does not follow the exponential distribution. In this paper, a closed-form equation is derived for the reliability of the 1-out-of-n cold standby spare system under conditions that the failure of the active component follows the...