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Euthanasia is one of the most controversial topics in medical ethics and in the areas of religion, law and ethics are studied .Different approaches to the authorities in case of euthanasia on the ballot, specifically rooted in the philosophical approach, to their beliefs and culture. According to the above description. The main objective of this paper is to study the philosophical approach of euthanasia. Therefore, this text answer three main questions. The first question will be discussed in the first chapter is that "How general philosophical issues applied to specific cases such as euthanasia?" The second question is about the definition and types of euthanasia .This question will be... 

Today, robots have been widely used in various tasks. Swarm robots are the focus of many researchers because of their low cost and their flexibility. However, due to the nature of dynamics in water and locomotion systems in it, very few of them have been developed. Applications of Swarm Robotics at sea include: the formation of temporary sea bridges, the collection of marine litter, assistance to large ships for maneuvering in ports, and carrying of oceanographic sensors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a system for self-control and autonomy of unmanned surface robots with the ability to connect and carry objects. First, the robot was modeled according to its hydrodynamic... 

When we talk about something being normative, it means that there are do’s and don’ts specific to that thing. When we say that language is normative, it means that it is governed by do's and don'ts and we cannot use linguistic structures arbitrarily. In other words, we have justifiable modes of linguistic use that failing to accord with them will distort the meaning of the propositions in the language. In the field of ethics, it may be easier to comprehend the concept of normativity. We all are in touch with ethics and ethical propositions in our daily lives. Beyond this bond, it seems that there is a kind of necessity for us. It seems that because of this necessity, acting in accordance... 

The purpose of the present study is to facilitate the implementation of "organizational complex change" that is important in today's organizational competitive environment. To this end, and to increase employees' commitment to change, the study utilized the role of "authentic leadership" and "self-determination theory." In this study, using data from 269 employees involved in an organizational complex change, relationships between variables were tested to finally see how authentic leadership for change can enhance employees' "affective commitment" to change. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression were conducted on the data and 3 out of 5 hypotheses were... 

According to the ideal of public reason, laws and moral codes which regulate lives of the people, have to be justified to each and every person whose life is regulated by that law. If all human beings are equal and free, i.e., they’re not naturally subordinated to each other in their moral or political status, and they’re equal in being naturally free of any subordination, then as a consequence of their individual free reasoning, and as a result of limitations in their understanding and complexity of the world, it is natural that there is deep and lasting disagreement among them about values, morality, religion, and conception of the good life. This disagreement therefore isn’t based on... 

The research examines the influence of Kant’s practical philosophy on John Rawls’ theory of justice, under the concept of “autonomy”. In the initial chapter, foundational concepts of the study such as “autonomy” and “duty” are discussed in detail within the context of prevailing views in moral philosophy, particularly deontological ethics. The overarching idea of this chapter is to establish a general conceptual framework for posing the main research question. The second chapter of this research specifically and independently elucidates Kant’s practical philosophy and clarifies his interpretation of the concept of “autonomy”. The aim of structuring this chapter is to demonstrate that...