Sharif Digital Repository

Hydrogels are crosslinked hydrophilic polymers that are capable of imbedding large amounts of water or biological fluids usually to equilibrium. Because of their unique properties, these materials have become ubiquitous and indispensable materials in many applications in recent years. Synthetic methods have produced numerous hydrogel materials with excellent properties. However, their nonbiodegradability might pose long-term environmental problems and limit their use. As a consequence, various research groups have put considerable amounts of effort and resources toward development of new absorbent materials from natural polymers such as polysaccharides. In this research, new hydrogel... 

Nowadays bioethanol is one of the main factors in the fuel market. It is currently produced from sugars and starchy materials, but lignocelluloses can be expected to be major feedstocks for ethanol production in the future. Agricultural residues such as wheat straw are being considered a potential lignocellulose raw material for fuel-ethanol production as an alternative to starch or sugar-containing feedstock. In order to produce bioethanol, it is necessary to decompose the wheat straw into soluble sugars. But lignocellulosic materias needs pretreatment before hydrolysis and fermentation. The main goal of pretreatment is to increase the enzyme accessibility improving digestibility of... 

Natural gas (NG) has emerged as an alternative energy source in transportation sector as it provides clean combustion and hence lowers exhaust pollution. NG can be stored as an adsorbed phase in porous materials and is referred to ANG. The use of adsorbent materials for storing NG, at relatively low pressure (3.5–4 MPa), is a possibility for making ANG technology competitive with CNG. Among all adsorbents, carbon nanostructures with pore diameter (0.8-1.4 nm) has shown the highest adsorption capacity of natural gas. In the present study, cellulose has been used as the carbonaceous precursor and Activated Carbon (AC) has been prepared using hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose followed by... 

One of the methods for adsorption of natural gas that has economical, operational and environmental preferences as an alternative energy source is storage as an adsorbed phase in porous material. ANG is superior to CNG and LNG technologies in terms of economy and safety. Carbonaceous nanostructures with pore diameter of 0.8-1.4 nm can be proper adsorbents for methane adsorption. In this work, cellulose and lignin which form lignocellulosic material’s structure, has been used as precursor for producing activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared has been used as adsorbent for adsorption of methane. The use of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by carbonization and chemical activation is... 

Fabrication and characterization of different surface charged cellulose electrospun scaffolds including cellulose acetate, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and quaternary ammonium cationic cellulose for biomedical applications have been reported in this research. We describe preparation of cellulosic nanofibers through the electrospinning following deacetylation cellulose acetate. Moreover, surface modification of electrospun cellulose nanofibers is carried out to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose and quaternized cellulose nanofibers, respectively. At last, the structural, morphological, mechanical, swelling, wettability and the cell culture properties of the scaffolds were analyzed and... 

This study aimed to prepare a type of microcapsule that microencapsulates folic acid and iron at the same time and protects these two substances against environmental and gastrointestinal conditions. Simultaneous release of these two nutrients has dual health properties and improves the efficiency of folic acid microencapsulation. In this study, biocomposites were formed containing alginate, pectin, and carboxymethylcellulose, and the microcapsules were synthesized by the ionization of calcium-alginate ions. Biocomposite optimization mixture with 13 experiments using experimental design software, optimal combination design method based on repopulation separator, restoring folic acid... 

Death can be the result of severe bleeding which is associated with the loss of a high amount of blood like what happens in accidents, wars, or operations. Classic methods to stop bleeding are mostly ineffective to decrease the hemostasis time and the volume of the lost blood. A wide variety of products like powders, foams, and hydrogels have been designed and synthesized either from natural or synthetic polymers. However, limitations like weak tissue adhesion, creating a moist environment in the wound site, infection, weak biodegradation, and hemolysis still have remained. Among the existing options to be used as hemostasis agents, polysaccharides can be appropriate considering their great...