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The purpose of the study was four-fold: first to investigate the predictive adequacy of the Task-Induced Involvement Load Hypothesis which contends that higher-load inducing tasks yield better retention rates in incidental learning situations, second, to examine whether type of dictionary search could affect vocabulary retention, third, to investigate the effect of translation direction on retention rate, and finally to determine the most effective tasks. To meet these ends, six groups of EFL learners - all male, aging 19-25, majoring in various fields of engineering sciences were assigned to the study. Each one of the groups performed distinct tasks which were as follow: reading... 

Nowadays, because of growing web and consequently increasing data in different languages, the need for machine translation is inevitable. Machine translators are created to speed up the translation process. Machine translation methods are generally divided into three categories: rule-based, corpus-based, and hybrid. Rule-based machine translation uses grammar for translation, but it needs a complete grammar of language for correct translation. Corpus-based method has many variations. One of those variations is the statistical machine translation which uses probabilistic and statistical rules for translation and nowadays is frequently used. Hybrid machine translation benefits from the... 

In this thesis we construct a bounded translation of intuitionistic predicate logic into Basic predicate logic with restricted use of universal quantifier and without equality inspired by papers [1] and [2]