Sharif Digital Repository

Chronic kidney disease is one of the silent diseases that progresses slowly, often without symptoms, and can eventually lead to kidney loss. Early detection of this disease can help diagnose it and prevent further problems. Urinary creatinine is an effective biomarker for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, but methods available in clinics are problematic for people living in disadvantaged areas because of the high cost and the need for 24-hour urine collection. Currently, paper-based microfluidic devices are being developed because they are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, the fluid is permeable by capillary force, and no additional equipment is needed. In this work, to fabricate a...