Sharif Digital Repository

This thesis reviews briefly historical backgrounds and contexts of Darwin's theory and summarizes and describes his arguments in the Origin, and studies philosophical issues around Darwinism. This thesis includes four chapters: chapter one reviews historical line from Greek thinkers to ninteenth century scientists; chapter two summarizes ideas and arguments in the Origin; chapter three discusses some philosophical issues briefly; and chapter four is devoted to some conclusion  

This dissertation consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, a description of formation of Darwin's theory of Evolution is expressed. After that, the process of formation of modern theory of Evolution, along with an explanation of the theory of evolution and the evidence for it was mentioned. In the second season, which is responsible for the scientific study of the theory, at some point the evidence of this theory has been reviewed. After that, some of the challenges raised against this theory have been studied. The major scientific challenges described in this chapter is based on recent advances made in biology, based on that, the mechanism of theory can’t explain the complex... 

In this thesis, employing the definition of an effective configuration in the Continuum Damage-Healing Mechanics (CDHM), mechanical responses of elf-healing materials are investigated. Firstly, a constitutive model is proposed to investigate damage and healing phenomena in concrete materials. In order to consider the different behavior of concretes in tension and compression, a spectral decomposition of the stress is utilized. In addition, employing the Clausius-Duhem inequality and considering the irreversible thermodynamics, conjugate forces of the damage and healing are expressed. The Gibbs potential energy is decomposed into three parts; elastic, damage and healing. In the next section,... 

One of the important questions in religious studies, is that why many people are religious or at least have tendency to religion. Some thinkers believe that religious experiences can be explained appropriately by methods based on natural sciences. In fact, we can explain religious experiences and beliefs by accepting naturalistic view. Evolutionary religious studies (ERS) is one of these doctrines about the root of religion, which claims that human nature and mind are the most important factors in religious actions and beliefs. So in order to find better knowledge about religion, we must study human mind. Human mind and nature are made through natural selection; so what is basic in religion... 

One of the most important philosophical issues in biology that continues to receive attention is the issue of species. Since ancient times, the classification of living organisms and the definition of species as its foundation have been of great importance to thinkers and knowledge seekers. In this research, while addressing various perspectives, this subject is still being examined today. This research has been divided into two main sections. The first section includes the definition of the problem and various perspectives on it. The main perspective focuses on the influence of genetics in strengthening or weakening it, while the secondary perspective, although interesting, is seen as a... 

While the science–religion debate on human creation has been widely explored in the Muslim world، Iranian Muslim opinions have been missed in the mainstream literature. To see whether they follow the lead of the majority of Muslim thinkers or not، here is an overview of the Qur’anic Perspective of Iranian Muslim Scholars. After reviewing the previously categorized approaches of Muslims encountering evolution mentioned in the literature، this thesis will survey the Qur’anic verses related to the biological creation of man with the “scientific-lexical” method of all possible states. Afterward، the views of the most-cited Iranian scholars، such as Saḥābī، Ṭabāṭabā’ī، Muṭahharī، and Jawādī، will...