Sharif Digital Repository

Buses are among safe means of transportation; however, they have a risk of a fire catastrophe with high fatalities if fire occurs in a situation where escape is difficult. In this study, numerical simulation is used to investigate bus fire using Fire Dynamics Simulator of NIST. Five fire scenarios have been considered to investigate the impact of doors and ceiling windows on fire with the aim of protecting the lives of passengers and controlling fire. In the simulations, time of flashover, temperature distribution near the ceiling, heat release rate and smoke distribution are investigated. Results show that scenarios with open ceiling windows are appropriate for passenger safety as they have...