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In this thesis, I study the concept of social ethics from a modern point of view. What I call modernity, is the fundamental philosophical revolution happened in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe, this period is called “Enlightenment”, what I assume is from Machiavelli to Kant. One of the most important philosophers belongs to this enlightenment period is Thomas Hobbes, a Scottish philosopher whose main book “Leviathan” is well-known as the basis of the modern politics. Modern politics makes sense against classical one, founded by Aristotle in a book mentioned under the same title. What Hobbes describes as society based on public interests etc. is in a different point of view... 

Civil disobedience, as a protest mechanism, is one of the important topics discussed in political philosophy. The background of this idea dates back to Henry Thoreau, and later John Rawls played a very influential role in its theoretical development. The aim of this thesis is to conduct a critical study of this idea, focusing on the issue of its justification. The emphasis on the justification is placed firstly due to its central position in the discussions of normative political philosophy and secondly due to the controversial nature of civil disobedience in opposing official legal procedures. To this end, we have first discussed the definition of civil disobedience in two traditional and...