Sharif Digital Repository

In today’s industrial world, firms’ focus on production only, embedded in forward supply chains is not acceptable. Environmental crises have drawn public attention to the concept of Sustainability, and government regulations are pushing firms to taking the responsibility of their wastes. These have led to manufacturers’ tendency towards collecting returns from their customers in order to use them in remanufacturing processes embedded in Reverse Supply Chains. Besides, inventory policies compatible with appropriate flows of information is widely being used, out of which is the Vendor-Managed Inventory policy. These reasons clarify the importance of research and academic work into the field of... 

Environmental problems and the consequent governmental regulations, has led supply chains into reverse and closed-loop supply chains. Application of problems such as "Vehicle Routing Problem” has diminished in the closed-loop supply chain, and instead of them, the problem of "Vehicle Routing Problem with Deliveries and Pickups" has become more important. On the other hand, tendency of supply chains to running information in the chain in a desired way, has led to grow the attention to establishing policies of “Vendor Managed Inventory". It seems that by tending the supply chains to closed-loop supply chains which are utilizing the policy of "Vendor Managed Inventory", application of problems...