Sharif Digital Repository

Titanium nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical vapor condensation (CVC) process. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as titanium’s precursor reacted with potassium as reductant, in vapor phase and the products were titanium nanoparticles encapsulated in potassium chloride. Dried Argon gas was employed as carrier gas. Resulting powders gathered in ethanol bath. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis were used to characterizing the products. The effect of Argon gas flow on nanoparticles size was investigated in this research. The particle size decreases with increasing Argon gas flow. The size of nanoparticles was under... 

Lead produced by pyrometallurgy method has a number of impurities. Most of these eimpurities can easily be removed, but this property does not apply in the case of bismuth. Since chemical properties of bismuth are close to the lead, refining of bismuth below 250 ppm is difficult and expensive. Because of problems related to electrochemical discussion of the batteries, bismuth it is possible to reduce below than 20 ppm. Jollivet and Dittmer process is capable of reducing bismuth below 20 ppm. As the main goal of this project is to reduce bismuth to small amounts, Jollivet process was used. Potassium needed for Jollivet process, produced by electrolysis of Potassium chloride salt....