Sharif Digital Repository

Developing and progressing excavation technology, and distillation and petroleum technology as fuel cause chemical and hydrocarbonic materials have been given an important role in human life. Having petroleum expanded, its effect in countries’ economics has been highlighted and found a substantial role in countries’ development. Iran, considering 11% extractable petroleum reserves which is equivalent to 138 billion barrel, is known as an oil rich country. The petroleum has an eminent role in country’s economics and is the main country’s income source and the most important exports. With regard to the high technology needed for petroleum exploration and purification, Iran requires foreign... 

We extend the work of Chari et al. (2007) to Iran’s economy institutions and introduce two additional wedges—the trade wedge and the oil wedge. The measured trade wedge value is regressed on nominal exchange rate, and thus we decompose the measured trade wedge into two components. One component represents the effect of nominal exchange rate on trade barriers and the other is representative of the effect of international sanctions in trade barriers. Then we evaluate the contribution of these two components of the trade wedge to the macroeconomic fluctuations in Iran from 2012 to 2014. Our results suggest that the trade wedge is crucial to account for the behavior of imported intermediate... 

Passenger cars (PCs) are of particular importance among mobile air pollutants emissions sources due to their population and significant share in air pollutants emissions and gasoline consumption. Moreover, ownership and use intensity of PCs are affected by socio-economic situation. The present study projects the future trends of air pollutants emissions and fuel consumption from PCs in Tehran by 1415 and assesses the effect of economic situation on the emission trends and effectiveness of emission reduction polices. Accordingly, the present study develops an interdisciplinary modeling framework, which combines econometric models with a bottom-up emission estimation model to simulate the... 

In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the Iranian stock market, in particular, the impacts of the recent sanctions imposed on this country. We develop a novel economics concept, sanction-index, to measure the effect of sanctions on the Iranian stock market. We utilize a set of principled approach on news analysis and automated content analysis methods and construct an extensive dataset using over a decade of World Economics newspaper, from 2009 to2019. This newsletter is a highly celebrated and most influential newspaper in the Iranian stock market society. Employing this dataset, we search over sanctions-related keywords to identify sanctions-related articles from the set of all... 

Sanctions are one of the most important variables influencing Iran's domestic and international decision-making and have had many effects on Iran's economy and politics in recent years. Iran's ability to influence the oil market and harm the interests of the sanctioning countries in this market raises the question of whether such a capability could affect the outcome of sanctions and lead to the withdrawal of those sanctioning countries. A theoretical examination of the issue of sanctions using game theory shows that if the sanctioned country is not able to retaliate in areas other than the disputed issue, the sanctions game may not reach an equilibrium in which the sanctions are lifted but... 

Price cycles of metals have always been a major factor in making decisions for those actively participating in the market, among which steel, due to its nature and influence on economy and society, is of utmost importance. Therefore, the study and analysis of the steel market and understanding the contributing factors on price and potential policies affecting decisions are imperative.In this research, a model based on demand, supply, and other contributing factors on price has been developed in order to help with the analysis of price cycles and the effects of different policies as well as outside factors such as foreign policy effects. In order to do so, the literature of the topic both on... 

Advancements in technology and the growing demand for improvements in various economic sectors, particularly payment systems, have prompted central banks worldwide to engage in research, analysis, and pilot projects focused on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Among the potential advantages of CBDCs is their ability to enhance the efficiency of cross-border payments by reducing costs, shortening settlement times, broadening access, and increasing transparency. While numerous countries are actively developing and testing their own CBDC initiatives, Iran has also undertaken studies in this domain, culminating in the implementation of the “Digital Rial” project. This research examines... 

Trade wars and economic sanctions have become increasingly common tools of economic policy, prompting targeted countries to seek alternative trade routes. For instance, in response to tariffs, China has redirected exports to the United States through intermediary countries. This issue is also relevant in Russia’s confrontation with Western sanctions. In this study, we leverage Iran’s long-term experience with sanctions to examine whether trade re-routing occurs, how quickly it emerges, and whether it persists over time. Analyzing trade data from 2002 to 2023, we find that by the end of this period, 70% of Iran’s imports originated from the UAE, China, and Türkiye, whereas two decades...