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Three distinct areas in linguistic studies are typically considered, namely, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Each category has a specific realm and deals with special linguistic phenomena. Presenting exact definition and clarification of the corresponding boundaries of each area is considered in both linguistics and philosophy of language. In order to explain the “meaning” for sentences of a language, this issue turns out to be vital. Representing the definition and evaluating the domain of each area, is the objective of the first chapter. In chapter two, some important semantic theories have been investigated. Since at first one semantic theory ought to clear its position about reference,... 

The verification of programs is one of the most important subjects in Computer Science. In this thesis, after reviewing preliminary subjects, While-Programming computational model is presented and its semantics is discussed. Next, the axiomatic method of Hoare is presented, which is a deduction system for verification of programs. With the help of Hoare method, the idea of Data-Oriented verification of programs is developed  

The development of a complex software needs an abstraction mechanism which is called Model Driven Engineering mechanism. In order to have a successful model based process, we need an appropriate tool such as version control systems to support our model-based process. On the other hand, developers need a mechanism to synchronize them with VCS systems. One of the concerns in modeling languages is the compatibility and the consistency of the models and modeling languages during their evaluation. the focus of the former researches was mostly on the consistency of the models during their evaluation, and to this end, lots of approaches have been proposed for keeping the consistency of the models... 

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard for hybrid applications that is designed and supported by Object Management Group (OMG). This standard defines protocols and Relational Data Model Objects / Services which can be connected into heterogeneous software (written in different languages). So we can use CORBA to share the distributed object platform, without worrying about where they are located or who has designed them. CORBA can package the codes (in some programming languages) and add the packaging information, such as the ability to execute the codes and how to implement them. So this package or object code can execute some other programs or CORBA objects that... 

Various philosophical views on scientific models, in this research, are reviewed and criticized. From a syntactic point of view, a scientific theory is nothing but its models, and this is the theory that illustrates how the model is constructed. Pragmatic view, by adopting a pluralistic view, argue that the interpretive model provides the basis for the concretization of the abstract concepts of the theory, and it is possible that representational model is incompatible with the theory itself. The model works better than theory even in functions such as prediction, explanation and representation in some places. A group of philosophers believe that with the introduction of fiction discussion,... 

This MA dissertation is dedicated to the introduction and discussion of David Chalmers’ neo-Fregean account of the semantics of linguistic terms like proper names and natural kind terms and the consequences of these discussions for the problem of consciousness. Chalmers’ neo-Fregean framework which he calls “The Two-Dimensional Semantics” is developed to defend a neo-Fregean account of the meaning of linguisting terms while acknowledging the insights of Kripke’s criticisms of the crude Fregean view. In the first chapter I will introduce Frege’s original view and Kripke’s famous attacks on that view. In the second chapter, Chalmers’ two-dimensional semantics will be introduced. In chapter... 

Semantic Holism is one of the most effective and wide spreading topics in philosophy of language. W.V.Quine with his “Two Dogmas” article has coined semantic holism with his name. After Quine, semantic holism absorbed many attentions in the philosophy of language and also other fields. Even, in neural networks and artificial intelligence, holistic presumptions about meaning are accepted. Nevertheless, arguments for meaning holism and their validation has not tended enough. Fodor and Lepore, in Semantic Holism; A Shopper’s Guide, are trying to reconstruct arguments for semantic holism that had been presented by philosophers like Quine, Davidson, Dennet, Lewis, and Churchland and then... 

In component-based design, each system consists of a set of heterogeneous components that are in interaction with each other. In this approach of design, computation is executed by the components, and their interactions are considered individually. BIP and Reo are coordination languages implemented in component-based modeling of systems. The BIP framework has a layered structure to separate interactions from the calculations. There are several approachesfor the formal definition of BIP layers. There are also semantics for BIP, based on two data-based and data-agnostic approaches. On the other hand, automata of records of a model is an operational semantics for Reo coordination language, one... 

In this thesis, we want to discuss about some aspects of semantics and proof theory of U logic. This logic was introduced by Ardehsir and Vaezian in 2012. U Logic was introduced with intention of unifying Sambin Basic Logic(Sambin in 1997) and Visser Basic Logic(Visser in 1981). These two basic logics are two of the most significant basic logics that were introduced. This thesis begins with addressing U logic proof system. Subsequently, we introduce three algebraic semantics for this logic. The first one was introduced by Girard for Linear logic. The second one was introduced by Sambin for Sambin Basic Logic. Then we introduce the third one specially for U logic. In fact, we have proof...