Sharif Digital Repository

Occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquake could seriously damage most buildings especially those with insufficient resistance located in urban worn-out textures. In order to reduce unpleasant consequences of an earthquake, appropriate policies need to be considered to persuade the beneficiaries to follow retrofitting standards in the process of planning, designing, and construction of buildings. These policies shall be implemented through institutions in arbitrary or obligatory forms, by encouragement or penalty mechanisms. In order to consider these policies, first of all we need to identify the beneficiaries and their particulars. By studying and considering subjects discussed in... 

For sometimes researchers and practitioners have realized that the traditional success criteria, known as iron triangle (time, cost, quality), are not adequate indicators to align a project execution with the long term success trend of an organization. Many other success criteria in addition to time, cost and quality of a project can negatively or positively affect the long term success of an organization. Evaluating the project life cycle success is to some extent more judgmental and usually there is no agreed upon measures defined prior to the project execution. There are many stakeholders affected or involved in the life cycle of a project like; owner, contractor, operator, customers,... 

As the size and the scope of infrastructure projects have expanded, so has the array of stakeholders, either involved or affected. Such projects frequently take years to come together and develop over time through the efforts of project promoters and the participation of various stakeholders. Stakeholders through participation and input will help to legitimize and develop large scale project initiatives.This study used a longitudinal multiple case study approach that analyzed two tolled fixed crossing megaprojects. Activity research hits benchmarks before and after developments and shifts in participation strategies and stakeholders. Subsequently, we identify the main and key issues related... 

Megaprojects are “large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost US$1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people. A careful attention paid to the writing of similar contracts, which each year provides a large number of designs, can prevent many challenges. In this research, identification and investigation of the advantages and disadvantages of the BOT contract (Journal 469) in Iran's industries (case study of water and wastewater projects) is accomplished to identify the weaknesses, ambiguities, contradictions of 469, in order to provide a clearer picture of dimensions of...