Sharif Digital Repository

With the implementation of the targeted subsidy plan in Iran and as a result, the allocation of cash subsidy to individuals, the effect of this policy on labor supply behavior can be studied. In most of the researches, the degree of the effects of implementing such policies on the working behaviors is studied.
In this research, after discussing some proposed models of labor supply and the effects of nonwage income on that, we reviewed the history of implementing such policies and their outcomes in different countries. Then, the possible methods of studying this issue in Iran were discussed. Finally, using a part of the household budget data in years 1389 and 1390, a panel data was... 

On the contrary to common explanations of fertility transition in the Iraninan Economy there has been a growing human capital without decline of fertility for some decades followed by a rapid fall in fertility without a higher growth of human capital during the next decades. Accounting for these facts we propose a new link between subsidies financed by exogenous oil revenue and the evolution of fertility and human capital. While the educational subsidy accelerates the growth of human capital, the presence of financial subsidies keeps fertility from declining. Then, fertility declines with sizeable delay but sharply because (i) high fertility in first generations implies a growth rate of... 

In recent years, due to restructuring in the electric power industry, distributed generation has become one of the most important subjects and DGs and renewable energy sources have been increasingly expected as a supplement and an alternative to a conventional large scale central power system. their success depends not only on the distribution of the available renewable energy sources in a region but also on the power grids connectable capacity in the area. Photovoltaic system is one of the best RESs for residential electricity supply because it is noiseless and solar power is widely available and households can use it via photovoltaic cells in their homes. There are two major problems... 

Energy efficiency for Iran, which has large reserves of oil and gas but also has a high energy consumption is important because it ensures the country's energy security and saving each energy unit creates energy exports opportunity. Buildings have high energy saving potential; this sector uses about thirty percent of energy consumption (about half the gas and thirty percent of the annual electricity consumption). Households are not motivated in saving energy because government pays energy subsidy. In this research building energy consumption (in Tehran) modeled by bottom up approach. Then the effect of economic incentive tools such as subsidy, loan and tax on motivation in energy saving... 

Assuring households’ access to essential goods at economy’s hard times has always been of policymakers’ main concerns. Using Household’s Income and Expenditure Survey data during Iran-Iraq war during 80’s, we have calculated welfare and distribution effects of rationing by coupons of three essential goods in these years. We found that rationed quantities were inefficiently excessive and due to their significant low prices, they were overconsumed. Also, without any extra financial burden, government could have improved lowest income quantile’s aggregate utility by 5.2% or 5.6%, if cash subsidy equal to each household’s previous subsidy value or an equal per-capita subsidy were distributed... 

Using a micro-based general equilibrium model with four sectors, I introduce a context to study the macroeconomic effects of energy subsidies. I calibrate the model using Iranian energy data, estimating elasticities of substitution and energy shares. Using this calibration, I compare the steady-state results of two compensation plans for energy price reform, tax cuts and cash transfer, explaining the active mechanisms in each scenario and investigating their impact on household welfare and production levels. I calculate that the steady-state energy price in Iran is 40% of regional prices, and we simulate the reform in which prices are increased from this price to regional prices. I conclude... 

The price elasticity of gasoline demand is a key parameter in evaluation of various policy options. However, most of the literature uses aggregate data to identify this elasticity. Temporal and spatial aggregation make elasticity estimates unreliable. We employ a unique dataset of all gasoline transactions in Iran during a four-month period around an unexpected exogenous price change to identify price elasticity. After controlling for date and individual fixed effects we estimate a robust significant price elasticity of -0.127. Aggregation of the same data by week, month, and city yields an estimate of -0.3 indicating a significant bias in earlier studies. We also identify a significant... 

In this work, the dynamic competition between firms providing internet services is studied. The framework is Markov equilibrium whereby structural parameters are obtained using two-step estimations, allowing for analyzing the situation in case of subsidies for service upgrade. The results show that such subsidy has little effect on the number of firms while increasing the number of fast firms