Sharif Digital Repository

Subtle faults refer to geological faults that are not easily identifiable using conventional seismic interpretation techniques. Identifying faults and fractures is of great importance in petroleum engineering, playing a vital role in reservoir management and the optimization of hydrocarbon extraction. Faults and fractures can act as fluid conduits, creating heterogeneity in fluid flow. Blocking faults or fractures can act as flow barriers and even lead to reservoir compartmentalization. Accurate fault identification aids in optimizing extraction methods, maximizing hydrocarbon recovery, and preventing issues such as induced seismicity caused by the reactivation of faults. For reservoir...