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vacuum
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Vacuum of Classical Mechanic, Quantum Field and General Relativity
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Golshani, Mehdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
The idea of "vacuum energy" with definition of the "Aether" has many historical backgrounds from Aristotelian philosophy to 19th century and the advent of quantum vacuum. Some assert vacuum which is defined as "pure void" and others have got contrary viewpoints. It can be said that the history of vacuum is as old as history of physics. With the advent of quantum mechanics, vacuum has taken a specific definition. Vacuum from vision of quantum mechanics describes that vacuum is the minimum possible energy state, because if the energy of "quantum vacuum state" became zero, Heisenberg uncertainty principle would be violated. The important consequence of quantum mechanics will be in apparent...
Design and Operation of Proper Freeze Drying Process to Recover Active Biological Agent
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rosta Azad, Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the most important unit operations in the production of dry powder biological products involves a freeze dryer apparatus. In this process, Liqueur, which is containing the α-amylase enzyme, undergoes a frigidity condition in which loses its moisture during sublimation. Under these circumstances, applying an adequate supply of sublimation enthalpy without raising the temperature of the frigid material up to melting, plays an important role in the quality of the product and preventing degradation of the α-amylase enzyme. Freeze drying depends on two main factors; time and energy. Furthermore, it is necessary to obtain an optimal temperature and pressure for different steps and...
Numerical Simulation to Improve the Performance of Air-cooled Steam Condenser Ejector and Steam Turbine Operation in a Rankine Cycle
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Darbandi, Masoud (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays, widespread needs for creating low pressure ambient in various industries make vacuum systems have different research and industrial applications. One of these applications is in cooling system of Rankine power cycle. In this case, the performance of the vacuum system has a direct and significant effect on the cooling performance of the condenser and consequently, power production of the steam turbine. Also, a considerable part of deration in thermal power plants industry is due to the thermal deration of the cooling systems. This is mostly because of malfunction of the condenser due to ambient temperature rise. Therefore, by providing suitable solutions to improve the efficiency...