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Light Duty Vehicles' Emission Reduction Potentials in Megacities
Using New Powertrain Technologies (Case Study: Tehran)

Askariyeh, Mohammad Hashem | 2011

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 42574 (09)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Civil Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Erhami, M. (Mohammad); Pourzahedi, H. (Hossein)
  7. Abstract:
  8. Tehran is one of the most polluted megacities in the world, and based on different studies, vehicular sources are responsible for most of the criteria pollutant emissions in this city. The number of vehicles on the streets has been increased drastically leading to growing amount of emission and this trend is continuing. In order to reduce the amount of vehicular emission, it is vital to investigate the factors affecting vehicles emission in this city. This could help to find efficient solutions to improve the situation. Hence, a low-cost methodology to estimate the vehicular emissions is developed. In this methodology, estimation relies on bottom-up approach and is based on the COPERT and MOBILE emission functions as well as a specific road network for Tehran. According to this methodology, road link-based emission is estimated using modal fuel use and emission rates applied to facility specific to road situation, meteorological condition and also speed driving cycles for all the links in Tehran. It should be noted that the pollutants of concerns in the present study were CO, HC and NO . xFurthermore, the emission estimation focuses on light duty vehicles emissions. The results obtained in this study have been compared with the experimental values of the vehicles emissions of Tehran and total estimations in various situations according to the national inventories and information of national surveillance centers. Regarding the factors effecting light duty vehicles emission, the possible scenarios to reduce them have been studied. The total amount of vehicular emission in Tehran at different time periods has been evaluated for these scenarios. Results showed the environmental parameters have the least effect on the light duty vehicles emissions. On the other hand, it was observed that the vehicles technology, age of vehicles, type and quality of fuels used by vehicles have the highest impact on the emission. For instance, after 120000 km on odometer, the amount of the vehicles emission increases up to 2 times as much as the emission of brand new car. In addition, the speed of vehicles directly exerts influence on the emission. For instance, the total amount of vehicles emission will decrease by 10% if the average speed of vehicles in Tehran increases by 20%. Moreover, using gasoline with current quality leads to increase the emissions up to 220% compared with the initial emissions in light duty vehicles case. The transportation management and reducing the role of passenger cars in transportation leads to a significant drop in the emission. For example, the amount of total CO emission reduces by 44% by reducing 20% of passenger cars. Results indicated that it is not possible to effectively reduce light duty vehicles emission of Tehran just by modifying one of the parameters influencing the emission. It is crucial to take all the parameters into consideration simultaneously. Therefore, practicing proper standards, reducing the quantity of passengers transported by personal passenger cars and enhancing the fuel quality as well as substituting old vehicles by new ones can potentially reduce 98% of CO emission by year 2025
  9. Keywords:
  10. Air Pollution ; Passenger Cars ; New Technologies ; Modeling ; Emission ; Air Pollutant

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