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Preparation and Characterization of Asymmetric and Thin Film Composite Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Softening

Mokhtari Garekani, Rasoul | 2011

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 43001 (06)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Mousavi, Abbas; Roosta Azad, Reza
  7. Abstract:
  8. In this study three type of nanofiltration membranes were prepared from PVC for water softening; (i) asymmetric PVC nanofiltration membrane, and two different thin film composite (TFC) membranes: (ii) polyamide (PA)/PVC composite membrane (iii) poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/PVC composite membrane. Asymmetric nanofiltration membranes were prepared by phase inversion. The effect of PVC concentration, solvent (THF) and additive (PVP) on morphology and performance were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measuring pure water flux and salt rejection. Increasing PVC concentration decreased pure water flux and increased salt rejection. Adding tetrahydrofuran(THF) decreased the pure water flux and increased the salt rejection. Also by adding PVP to solution pure water flux increased and salt rejection decreased.
    The composite nanofiltration membrane was fabricated by interfacial polymerization between 1, 3-phenylenediamine (PDA) with trimesoyl chloride (TMC). SEM images indicate a cross link dense layer form on PVC membranes. The pure water permeability of polyamide(PA) composite membrane was 30 lit/m2.hr at 10 bar and NaCl and CaCl2 salt rejections at 10 bar were 62% and 80% at 10 bar, respectively.The composite PVA nanofiltration membrane was fabricated by crosslinking PVA by phenylenediamine (PDA) with glutaraldehyde (GA). SEM images from the surface indicate PVA/PVC composite membrane has smoother layer and contact angle test shows PVA membrane has higher hydrophilicity. The pure water permeability of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) composite membrane was 52 lit/m2.hr at 10 bar and NaCl and CaCl2 salt rejections at 10 bar were 55% and 75% at 10 bar, respectively
  9. Keywords:
  10. Experiments Design ; Water Treatment ; Response Surface Method ; Phase Inversion ; Nanofiltration Membrane ; Interfacial Polymerization ; Dip Coating

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