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Design and Optimization of a 10 kW Dish/Stirling System

Nazemi, Danial | 2014

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 46248 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Boroushaki, Mehrdad; Rajabi Qahnuyeh, Abbas
  7. Abstract:
  8. Nowadays, electricity generation technology from renewable resources, especially solar energy has been very popular; specifically off-grid systems which have the ability of decentralized electricity generation. Dish/Stirling system is one of the most efficient technologies with capability of decentralized electricity generation from solar energy. The purpose of this study is design, optimization and analysis of a 10 KW Dish/Stirling system for different working location in Iran.
    A mathematical model is introduced to analyze all the heat losses in different system components including parabolic dish, cavity receiver and Stirling engine. All the calculations are done with MATLABTM software. Simulation results were compared with Eurodish system data with a reasonable degree of agreement. By using the Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO), which is an intelligent optimization technique, the total design was optimized. Moreover, an economical review of Dish/Stirling system helps to find the best working location in the country to install and run the system.
    The efficiency and electrical output power of primary design of dish/Stirling System are 21.69 % and 10.41 kW, respectively. The optimization process in this study has been done in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, the efficiency optimization process is based on changing only one decision variable. This method shows that the maximum increase in efficiency is occurred by changing the parabolic dish diameter to its optimum value. By increasing the parabolic dish diameter to 8.59 m, the efficiency of the system is improved up to 0.78%. Moreover, by changing the aperture diameter of receiver, pressure of the compression space of Stirling engine and temperature of expansion space of Stirling engine, the efficiency of the system is improved up to 0.66%, 0.39% and 0.48% respectively. In the second scenario, all of the decision variables changed simultaneously. The results shows that the system efficiency is improved up to 1.39% and reached 23.08%. Moreover the electrical output power of the system reached 11.08 kW.
    Economic analysis on five different cities shows AbuMousa as the most reasonable location for the dish/Stirling system establishment and other four cities Yazd, Isfahan, Tehran and Tabriz are in the list respectively. The calculations show the Levelized Electricity Cost (LEC) for commercial production of dish/Stirling systems (more than 5000 units) is pretty close for all cities and it’s around 0.3$/kWh. Furthermore, the LEC for a prototype varies from 1.88$/Kwh for AbuMousa to 2.87$/Kwh for Tabriz. Net Present Value (NPV) for commercial production gets positive after 5 years, 7 years, 9 years,12 years and 15 years in AbuMousa, Yazd, Isfahan, Tehran and Tabriz, respectively. It takes 9 years for this indicator for a prototype in AbuMousa to get positive and 11,13,16,19 years in Yazd, Isfahan, Tehran and Tabriz, respectively.
  9. Keywords:
  10. Mathematical Model ; Optimization ; Net Present Value ; Stirling Heat Engine ; Dish/Stirling System ; Levelized Energy Cost (LEC)

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