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A hardware platform for evaluating low-energy multiprocessor embedded systems based on COTS devices

Salehi, M ; Sharif University of Technology

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2352215
  3. Abstract:
  4. Embedded systems are usually energy constrained. Moreover, in these systems, increased productivity and reduced time to market are essential for product success. To design complex embedded systems while reducing the development time and cost, there is a great tendency to use commercial off-the-shelf ("COTS") devices. At system level, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is one of the most effective techniques for energy reduction. Nonetheless, many widely used COTS processors either do not have DVFS or apply DVFS only to processor cores. In this paper, an easy-to-implement COTS-based evaluation platform for low-energy embedded systems is presented. To achieve energy saving, DVFS is provided for the whole microcontroller (including core, phase-locked loop, memory, and I/O). In addition, facilities are provided for experimenting with fault-tolerance techniques. The platform is equipped with energy measurement and debugging equipment. Physical experiments show that applying DVFS on the whole microcontroller provides up to 47% and 12% energy saving compared with the sole use of dynamic power management and applying DVFS only on the core, respectively. Although the platform is designed for ARM-based embedded systems, our approach is general and can be applied to other types of systems
  5. Keywords:
  6. Energy management ; hardware platform ; ARM processors ; Buffer storage ; Dynamic frequency scaling ; Electric power measurement ; Energy conservation ; Fault tolerance ; Hardware ; Phase locked loops ; Power management ; Voltage scaling ; Commercial off the shelves ; Dynamic power management ; Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling ; Evaluation platforms ; Fault tolerance techniques ; Hardware platform ; Increased productivity ; Multiprocessor embedded system ; Embedded systems
  7. Source: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics ; Volume 62, Issue 2 , 2015 , Pages 1262-1269 ; 02780046 (ISSN)
  8. URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6883169