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Emission Estimation for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) form Evaporation Ponds in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry

Hadivi, Pouya | 2017

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 50095 (09)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Civil Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Arhami, Mohammad
  7. Abstract:
  8. This study aims to estimate the emission rate of Volatile Organic Components (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants from the surface of evaporation ponds in oil and gas upstream industries. With respect to the irrecoverable consequences of such emissions, the emission of air pollutants in the oil and gas upstream industries are alarming. Hence, estimation of the pollutants’ emission and surface pollution monitoring are needed for controlling and decreasing of air pollutants in oil and gas upstream industries and also presenting and performing suitable and efficient solutions. The studied ponds in this research include 4 ponds in the oil and gas upstream industries which have been used for produce water preservation. Estimation of emission from the evaporation ponds is carried out by modeling the emission. Sampling and measurement for each of the 4 ponds have been done in 4 periods over a year. The gathered data for modeling emission rate include the influent characteristics and weather data parameters in 4 periods over a year from the under study regions. Also, the influence of evaporation pond characteristics data has been obtained using sampling and environmental measuring. The local weather data parameters have been measured by installing measurement equipment. Characterization of the air pollutants concentration around and downstream of evaporation ponds are carried out with the use of sampling and direct measurement. Distribution of the emitted components from evaporation ponds surface which is simulated with a CFD model, the measured emission rate in this research, and the measured weather data have been accomplished in different periods. The CFD modeling has been done by the researchers of the process group. Estimation of emission has been validated using the comparison between the resulted concentration of environmental measurement of the around air and simulation of the distribution of pollutants emission from pond surface in the surroundings. The resulted concentration from the simulation of pollutants emission distribution has been used for the comparison with measured components concentration in evaporation ponds’ surroundings, and validation of the modeling. Estimation of emission of the VOCs from evaporation ponds surface has been classified into two groups, all of the VOCs and BTEX components (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene). Due to the BTEX components being hazardous, it is vital to specify the emission rate of these components. The result of this study determines that the mean emission coefficient for all VOCs from ponds surface with respect to the influent to the evaporation ponds is g/m3. Furthermore, mean emission coefficient for all BTEX components from evaporation ponds surface is g/m3. Emission coefficient for Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene is g/m3, g/m3, g/m3 and g/m3 respectively
  9. Keywords:
  10. BTEX ; Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) ; Evaporation Pond ; Evaporation Rate ; Oil and Gas Upstream ; Emission Rate Estimation

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