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Developing a Methodology for Estimating Environmental Costs of Energy Sector : Case study of Tehran Megacity

Taksibi, Farzaneh | 2018

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 51404 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Sabohi, Yadollah
  7. Abstract:
  8. About 6.5 million people die from air pollution annually, of which 5.5 million are from the Asian continent. By considering reduction of life span and external costs associated with the emission of air pollutants, the importance of environmental impact assessment and managing the reduction of pollutant emissions becomes even more important. Meanwhile, the largest share (85%) of pollutant emissions is related to the supply and demand sectors of energy carriers. Therefore, the design and development of the environmental impact assessment system of energy flows is a necessity in the process of sustainable development of the energy sector.A key policy challenge in Tehran megacity is to curb high concentrations of PM2.5 and mitigate associated adverse impacts. Using the Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model we carry out an emission inventory across different sectors for the city of Tehran in different energy scenarios of the energy demand and supply systems. The results show that PM2.5 emission for Tehran will increase 30 percent in 2030 and will not reach the recommended national ambient air quality standards even under the most efficient energy policy scenarios. Adopting some planned policies scenarios and corresponding pollutant concentrations in Tehran megacity by ADMS_Urban dispersion model shows that although most of the city's emission comes from industrial facilities, the distributed transportation emission reductions plays a crucial role in reducing pollution levels in Tehran. An evaluation of the environmental damage and abatement costs in all pollution mitigation scenarios, the best (most environmentally cost-effective) scenarios are discussed. The optimal scenario includes a 20% reduction in household energy consumption, a 20% reduction in cement emissions, a 20% decrease in Tehran's refinery's emission, and closure of South Tehran brick companies. In a sample area (in which the simulated concentrations are verified by local measurements), this mitigation scenario reduces the average concentration of PM2.5 by 35% in 2030 and, consequently, the number of polluted days by 20%.%. Structural changes in mega city of Tehran (specially in Transport sector) would be necessary for further reduction of accumulated particles to acceptable level
  9. Keywords:
  10. Air Pollution ; Dispersion Modeling ; Reduction Scenarios ; Damage Cost ; Tehran City

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