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Models for Technology Assessment and Management of Gas Flare and Developing Strategies for Reducing Flared Gas

Moghadam, Morteza | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 51697 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Saboohi, Yadollah
  7. Abstract:
  8. The need for planning for the management and recovery of flare gases is an important issue in the energy sector of the country. On a day, about 46 million cubic meters of gas in Iran is burning in the torch, which in addition to the destruction of non-renewable energies, contributes to environmental pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases. Gas burning is one of the few pollutant activities that is due to short-term economic revenues, system design weaknesses, and lack of management in the operation process, with no service provided or value added. Iran is ranked third in the world according to satellite data among the countries that are burning flares. Accordingly, by burning 17/7 billion cubic meters per year, Iran produces about 8 percent of the world's flare gases. The above statistics is more than the volume of natural gas produced at the South Pars Phase 1 refinery, which is about 9 billion cubic meters per year. In addition to the waste of resources and direct economic losses, burning this gas releases about 48 million tons of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere annually, which is significant in light of the international obligations of the country to reduce carbon emissions. In spite of all this, the flare gas recovery projects will not be executed due to the lack of government funds and prioritizing investment in common fields than to invest in energy losses in flares, and the low interest in this area for domestic investors, and due to alternatives with a faster return on investment. One of the ways to smooth out financial problems is to use punitive policies to penalize burning gas torches. Therefore, in this project, while calculating the return period of the investment in the recovery technology of gas flares, the amount of fines and environmental taxes for each technology was found to achieve 30% internal rate of return, the least among local power generation technologies, was steam turbine with capacity of 500 kilowatts with a fine of 4 cents per cubic meter, and also the highest penalty was for the GTL unit with a fine of 23 cents per cubic meter. Assuming the imposition of an environmental tax fine, the amount of tax to achieve the internal rate of return of 30% for each technology is specified and its average value for all technologies is $45 per ton of carbon dioxide, with the highest and lowest of $140 and $1, for GTL technology and combined cycle, respectively. By increasing the cost of investment in recovery technologies from 2 to 5 times, the number of appropriate fines for each recovery technology to achieve an internal 30% interest rate is specified. In gas turbine technology, with an increase of 2.5 times the cost of investment, policies must shift from fine to incentive. This statistics is 3 and 2.5 for the internal combustion engine and steam turbine, respectively. Also, changing the nature of punitive policies to encourage in GTL technology is about an increase of 4 times the cost of investment. In the end, due to environmental taxes of $35, and the percentage of flaring entering gases to refineries, fines were imposed on each refinery. And the return period of each technology was determined by providing feed from a specific refinery, which can be used to prioritize the use of flare gas in refineries
  9. Keywords:
  10. Flare Gases ; Environmental Taxes ; Internal Rate of Return ; Fines

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