Random Cluster States: Definitions, Properties and Applications

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Abedi, Ashkan | 2019

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Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
Language: Farsi
Document No: 52323 (04)
University: Sharif University of Technology
Department: Physics
Advisor(s): Karimipour, Vahid
Abstract:
Entanglement plays a major role in quantum communication as the main resource of the network and makes it possible to perform protocols such as quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography which are not achievable in classical networks. Yet, being a very fragile resource against noise, which inevitably is more destructive as the distance increases and as time passes, makes it a very hard to share entangled pairs between two points at a long distance. This discouraging result for linear networks, has prompted investigation of entanglement percolation and entanglement distribution in regular one- and two-dimensional networks with various (i.e rectangular, triangular and hexagonal) geometries. In this thesis, we introduced a simple model of small-world quantum networks, in which a central node plays an essential role. We have shown that by adding a few shortcuts to the central node, it is possible to produce maximally entangled pairs between distant nodes in the network. Besides, we have investigated the threshold values for the initial amount of entanglement and the distance between nodes, for obtaining maximally entangled states shared between nodes with a high probability
Keywords:
Quantum Networks ; Entanglement ; Small World Network ; Quantum Communication Channel ; Cluster State