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The Study of Quark-Gluon Plasma by Flow Harmonics in Heavy Ion Collisions

Mehrabpour, Hadi | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: Ph.D. Dissertation
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 52409 (04)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Physics
  6. Advisor(s): Rouhani, Shahin; Arfaei, Hesamoddin
  7. Abstract:
  8. A new phase of matter which is known as quark-gluon plasma is created after ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Experimental data imply that hydrodynamic equations can explain this new phase of matter. On the other hand, observations show that the geometry of initial energy distribution fluctuates event-by-event, even in a given centrality class. Also, the geometry of initial state distribution reflects itself as different samples of final particle spectrum results by the hydrodynamic evolution. The particle momentum distribution can be expanded by Fourier series which its coefficients called harmonic flows. We can only study the effects of hydrodynamics on initial fireball by flow harmonics as experimental observables. The explanation of these fluctuations is the main challenge in this research topic because important information of initial state and hydro effects encode in these distributions. Also, it is observed that the flow distribution deviates from Bessel-Gaussian distribution. In this thesis, we would like to investigate such distribution which can explain this deviation and experimental data by flow harmonics as our observables. Studying flow distribution fluctuations can not only be important in the transverse plane but are also important in the longitudinal direction. So, we will find a way to observe these fluctuations by experimental analysis. On the other hand, not only we study relations between physical variables in an initial and final state but also we investigate the effect of hydrodynamics on mapping the initial distribution to final distribution as an evolution model. Moreover, we will investigate the influences of control variables on the correlation of other final variables as flow harmonics, transverse momentum, and multiplicity. In all of this work, we would try to understand better the heavy-ion collision process. In this regard, different empirical observations for a further understanding of the different aspects of this process will present
  9. Keywords:
  10. Heavy Ions Collision Experiment ; Quark-Gluon Plasma ; Flow Harmonics ; Event to Event Fluctuations ; Flow Correlation ; Gram-Charlier A Series

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