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Virotheranostics, a double-barreled viral gun pointed toward cancer; Ready to shoot?

Keshavarz, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2020

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01219-6
  3. Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd , 2020
  4. Abstract:
  5. Compared with conventional cancer treatments, the main advantage of oncolytic virotherapy is its tumor-selective replication followed by the destruction of malignant cells without damaging healthy cells. Accordingly, this kind of biological therapy can potentially be used as a promising approach in the field of cancer management. Given the failure of traditional monitoring strategies (such as immunohistochemical analysis (in providing sufficient safety and efficacy necessary for virotherapy and continual pharmacologic monitoring to track pharmacokinetics in real-time, the development of alternative strategies for ongoing monitoring of oncolytic treatment in a live animal model seems inevitable. Three-dimensional molecular imaging methods have recently been considered as an attractive approach to overcome the limitations of oncolytic therapy. These noninvasive visualization systems provide real-time follow-up of viral progression within the cancer tissue by the ability of engineered oncolytic viruses (OVs) to encode reporter transgenes based on recombinant technology. Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is considered as one of the most prevalent nuclear imaging reporter transgenes that provides precise information regarding the kinetics of gene expression, viral biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic outcomes using the accumulation of radiotracers at the site of transgene expression. Here, we provide an overview of pre-clinical and clinical applications of hNIS-based molecular imaging to evaluate virotherapy efficacy. Moreover, we describe different types of reporter genes and their potency in the clinical trials. © 2020 The Author(s)
  6. Keywords:
  7. Measles virus ; Molecular imaging ; Oncolytic virotherapy ; Green fluorescent protein ; Luciferase ; Noradrenalin transporter ; Sodium iodide symporter ; Somatostatin receptor ; Thymidine kinase ; Cinical effectiveness ; Deep tissue imaging ; Fluorescence imaging ; Imaging and display ; Malignant neoplasm ; Measles virus ; Nonhuman ; Survival rate ; Transgene ; Tumor microenvironment ; Tumor volume ; Virus particle ; Virus replication
  8. Source: Cancer Cell International ; Volume 20, Issue 1 , 2020
  9. URL: https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12935-020-01219-6